Introductory Notes

Motivation

A reader of the gospels such as myself can be overwhelmed. Concentrating on the common words and common passages helps me focus on the central message of Jesus’ life.

Across the four gospels, many passages are repeated, sometimes with the same words. What if these repeated passages indicate what the four gospel authors considered as the important passages? What if we focus only on passages and words that appear three or more times? What would the text look like? These pages show such a text.

Maybe Jn, who wrote much later, tried to “rectify the record,” meaning that he only repeated the more important passages (baptism, multiplication of the loaves, walking on water, and Jesus’s last days in Jerusalem). What if we consider passages showing in all four authors as foundational like four pillars? These four pillars will be explored somewhere else.

My approach is to interpret the NT based on itself, and not rely too much on the OT.

• If the Greek words are the same, the Greek text and English translation show.
• If words have similar roots, regardless of being noun or verb, are considered equivalent.
• If words are synonymous, the variations are separated by the “/”.
• If groups of words have the same meaning, “⎡” and “⎤” surround each group, with a “|” separating each group.
• If the Greek words are different but have the same meaning overall, only the English translation shows for short or transition sentences, such as, “he said.”

The method disregards grammar and sentence structure when comparing words.

The approach here is similar to the idea of a “Canon within the Canon”, where greater weight is given to some parts of the Bible over others. Here, the idea is going a step further, which is giving weight to those words and sentences that three or more authors of the gospels have considered important enough to include in their text.

The approach in these pages is also similar to that of “Red Letter Christians.” However, weight is given not to what Jesus said, but to what is common across multiple texts.

The method described here admittedly excludes the Old Testament, the Acts, the Epistles, and the tradition(s) of the Church. The point here is to offer a tool for focusing on the core of God’s message as transmitted by the words and life of Jesus.

This method also excludes the Lord’s Prayer (“Our Father…”) and favorite passages such as the Last Judgement in Mt 25 and the Road to Emmaus at the end of Lk.

This page is still work in progress. I have spent a few years on it, and expect to spend a few more.

The method of concentrating on the words that are common across the gospel texts does not exclude the rest of the texts we have received. This is a tool to focus. If three authors of the gospels thought that certain passages are important to keep in their texts, then those passages deserve more focus.

For further discussion, see:

• https://gentlemantheologian.com/2018/08/29/canon-within-canon-making-sense-law-new-testament/
• https://gregorycrofford.com/2014/02/16/what-is-your-canon-within-the-canon/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther%27s_canon in the section on New Testament “disputed books”. See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antilegomena.

Sources

Although some quotes of the Greek text were taken from the Blue Letter Bible https://www.blueletterbible.org/, the main source of the Greek text is the OGNT project.

The Greek New Testament was extracted from the file “OpenGNT_BASE_TEXT.zip”, which is available at the root of the “OpenGNT” repository in GitHub.

The Open Greek New Testament Project, OGNT in short, is released under the following license:

Open Greek New Testament Project by Eliran Wong is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://github.com/eliranwong/OpenGNT.

This page is released under the same license as the OGNT.

Some translations are from the World English Bible on the EBible website https://ebible.org.

Most translations are literal translations from the author. Therefore, please do not take the translations literally, as the author has no intent to provide a replacement for existing translations.

Text Analysis

Mt 3:1-6; Mk 1:1-6; Lk 3:1-6; Jn 1:23 - John Calls for Conversion in the Wilderness

John appeared in the wilderness, proclaiming conversion.
The prophet Isaiah wrote: “a voice is calling out in the wilderness:
‘Prepare the way for the Lord!
Make his paths straight!’”

And Jn 1:19-28

Words

• “⸂παραγίνεται¦ἐγένετο⸃” “appeared” (from “γιγνομαι”) all four
• “⸂Ἰωάννην¦Ἰωάννης⸃” “John”
• “ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ” “in the desert” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “κηρύσσων” “proclaiming” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “⸂μετανοεῖτε¦μετανοίας⸃” “(proclaiming and saying) ⸂convert¦(proclaiming a baptism of)⸃ conversion” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “⸂Ἠσαΐου¦Ἠσαΐᾳ⸃ ⸂τοῦ¦τῷ⸃ ⸂προφήτου¦προφήτῃ⸃ ⸂γέγραπται¦ῥηθεὶς⸃” “Isaiah the prophet ⸂wrote¦said⸃” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ” “the voice of one crying in the desert” (all four, same as Is 40:3).
• “ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αυτου” (same as Is 40:3 except for “αυτου”) “prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight” (Mt, Mk, Lk). Jn says “εὐθύνατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου”, “straighten the Lord’s path,” which has the same meaning as the other authors.

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Mt 3:11-12; Mk 1:7-8; Lk 3:15-18; Jn 1:27,33 - John proclaims the coming of Jesus

“I baptize you with water.
The one who is coming after me is mightier than me, and I am not worthy to loosen the straps of his sandals.
He will baptize you in the Holy Spirit.”

Words (varying order):

• “ἐγὼ ⸂βαπτίζω¦ἐβάπτισα⸃ ὕδατι ὑμᾶς” “I baptize (you) with water” (all four)
• “⸂ἐρχόμενος¦ἔρχεται⸃ ὁ ὀπίσω μου ἰσχυρότερός ⸂μου¦μού⸃” “the one coming after me who is stronger than me”
• “οὑ ουκ ειμι ⸂ἱκανος¦ἁγιος⸃ ⸂λυσαι¦λυσω⸃ τον ἱμαντα ⸂των¦του⸃ ⸂ὑποδηματων¦ὑποδηματος⸃ αυτου” “whose straps of the sandals I am not ⸂worthy¦holy⸃ to untie” (Mk, Lk, Jn). Mt has: “οὑ ουκ ειμι ἱκανος τα ὑποδηματα” “whose sandals I am not worthy (to carry)”
• “⸂αὐτὸς¦οὗτός⸃ ὑμᾶς ⸂βαπτίζων¦βαπτίσει⸃ ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ” “he will baptize you in the Holy Spirit”

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Mt 3:13-17; Mk 1:9-11; Lk 3:21-22; Jn 1:32-33 - The baptism of Jesus and the Descent of the Holy Spirit

Jesus having been baptized, the heavens split open and the Spirit appeared descending on him like a dove. A voice came from heaven: “You are my Son, the beloved, in whom I am well pleased.”

Words

• “⸂Ἰησοῦ¦Ἰησοῦς⸃ ⸂βαπτισθεὶς¦βαπτισθέντος¦ἐβαπτίσθη⸃” “Jesus was baptized” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “⸂σχιζομένους¦ἀνεῳχθῆναι¦ἠνεῴχθησαν⸃ ⸂οὐρανοί¦οὐρανοὺς¦οὐρανὸν⸃” “the heavens opened” (Mt, Mk, Lk). Jn writes that the dove descended “out of heaven” “ἐξ οὐρανοῦ”.
• “⸂εἴδει¦εἶδεν⸃” “appeared”. Mt, Mk, and Lk use the verb, but in differing places.
• “τὸ Πνεῦμα ⸂καταβαῖνον¦καταβῆναι⸃ ⸂ὡς¦ὡσεὶ⸃ περιστερὰν ⸂εἰς¦ἐπ᾽⸃ αὐτόν” “the Spirit descended as a dove on him” (all four)
• “⸂φωνὴ¦φωνὴν⸃ ⸂ἐκ¦ἐξ⸃ ⸂οὐρανοῦ¦οὐρανῶν⸃ ⸂γενέσθαι¦ἐγένετο¦ἰδοὺ⸃” “there was a voice out of the heavens” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “‘⸂εἶ¦ἐστιν⸃ ὁ Υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός’” “‘⸂are¦is⸃ my Son the beloved’” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “‘ἐν ⸂ᾧ¦σοὶ⸃ εὐδόκησα’” “‘with ⸂whom¦you⸃ I well pleased’” (Mt, Mk, some manuscripts of Lk)

Words in all four gospels:

• Heaven or heavens
• The Spirit “το Πνευμα”
• Descend “καταβαιν…”
• Like a dove “ὡσ(ει) περιστεραν”
• On him “⸂εἰς¦ἐπ᾽⸃ αὐτόν”

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Mt 4:1-11, Mk 1:12-13, Lk 4:1-13 - Jesus Driven into the Wilderness

The Spirit drove him into the wilderness for forty days, where we was tested by Satan.

Words

• “⸂Πνεύματι¦Πνεύματος¦Πνεῦμα⸃ ⸂εἰς¦ἐν⸃ ⸂τὴν¦τῇ⸃ ⸂ἐρήμῳ¦ἔρημον⸃” “The Spirit (drove him) into the wilderness”
• “τεσσεράκοντα ἡμέρας” “for forty days”
• “⸂πειραζόμενος¦πειρασθῆναι⸃ ὑπὸ τοῦ ⸂Σατανᾶ¦διαβόλου⸃” “tested by the ⸂devil¦Satan⸃”

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Mt 4:12; Mk 1:14; Lk 3:20 - The Arrest of John the Baptist

John had been arrested

Words

• “⸂Ἰωάννην¦Ἰωάννης⸃ ⎡παρεδόθη|παραδοθῆναι|κατέκλεισεν … ἐν φυλακῇ⎤” “was ⎡delivered|locked up in prison⎤”

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Mt 4:12; Mk 1:14; Lk 4:14; Jn 4:3 - Jesus Leaves for Galilee

Jesus went to the Galilee.

Words

• “⸂ἀνεχώρησεν¦ἀπῆλθεν¦ἐξῆλθεν¦ἦλθεν¦ὑπέστρεψεν⸃ εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν” “went to Galilee”

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Mt 4:23; Mt 9:35, Mk 1:39; Lk 4:15; Lk 4:44 - Jesus Preached in Synagogues

Redo, to add context of Mt 9:35 and Lk 4:15

And he was preaching in their synagogues.

Words:

• “καὶ κηρύσσων” “and preaching” (except Lk 4:15)
• “⸂εἰς¦ἐν⸃ ⸂ταῖς¦τὰς⸃ ⸂συναγωγαῖς¦συναγωγὰς⸃” “in the synagogues” (all)
• “⎡αὐτῶν|τῆς Ἰουδαίας⎤”: Mt and Mk say “their synagogues” “τὰς συναγωγὰς αὐτῶν” and Lk says “the synagogues of Judea” “τὰς συναγωγὰς τῆς Ἰουδαίας”.

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Mt 4:25, Mk 3:7-8, Lk 6:17 - Crowds Follow Jesus

A great crowd (followed him) from Jerusalem and Judea.

Words:

• “καὶ ⸂πολλοὶ¦πολὺ¦πολὺς⸃ ⸂πλῆθος¦ὄχλοι¦ὄχλος⸃ … ⸂Ἰερουσαλὴμ¦Ἱεροσολύμων⸃ καὶ Ἰουδαίας” “and a large crowd … Jerusalem and Judea.”

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Mt 5:13, Mk 9:50, Lk 14:34 - Salt

If salt has lost its taste, how will its saltiness be restored?

Words:

• “ἐὰν δὲ τὸ ἅλας ⎡μωρανθῇ|ἄναλον γένηται⎤” “if the salt lost its taste”
• “ἐν τίνι ⎡ἁλισθήσεται|αὐτὸ ἀρτύσετε|ἀρτυθήσεται⎤;” “in what would it be salted?”

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Mt 5:15; Mk 4:21; Lk 8:16; Lk 11:33 - Lamp on Lamp Stand

No one after lighting puts a lamp under something but on a lamp stand.

Words

• “⸂μήτι¦οὐδεὶς¦οὐδὲ⸃ ⸂λύχνον¦λύχνος⸃ ⸂τίθησιν¦τεθῇ¦τιθέασιν⸃ ⸂ὑποκάτω¦ὑπὸ⸃ ⸂κλίνην¦κλίνης¦μόδιον⸃” “⸂not¦nobody⸃ puts a lamp under a ⸂bed¦bucket⸃”
• “ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τὴν ⸂λυχνίαν¦λυχνίας⸃” “but on the lamp stand”

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Mt 5:31-32, Mt 19:9, Mk 10:11-12, Lk 16:18 - Divorce

Whoever divorces (releases) his wife and marries another commits adultery.

Words:

• “⸂ὁ¦ὃς⸃ ⸂ἀπολύσῃ¦ἀπολύων⸃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ” “who releases his wife”
• “καὶ ⸂γαμήσῃ¦γαμῶν⸃ ⸂ἄλλην¦ἑτέραν⸃” “and marries another”
• “⸂μοιχευθῆναι¦μοιχεύει¦μοιχᾶται⸃” “commits adultery”

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Mt 7:2; Mk 4:24; Lk 6:38 - Measuring

By the measure you measure will it be measured to you.

Words

• “ᾧ μέτρῳ” “by the measure”
• “μετρεῖτε” “you measure”
• “⸂μετρηθήσεται¦ἀντιμετρηθήσεται⸃ ὑμῖν” “it will be measured to you”

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Mt 7:28, Mk 1:22, Lk 4:32 - Jesus Taught with Authority

They were struck by his teaching… with authority.

Words

• “ἐξεπλήσσοντο ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ” “they were struck by his teaching”
• “⸂ἐξουσίαν¦ἐξουσίᾳ⸃”: the word “authority” “ἐξουσία” is common to all three texts
  • Mt, Mk: “he was teaching them as having authority”
  • Lk: “for his word was with authority”

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Mt 8:1-4; Mk 1:40-45; Lk 5:12-16 - Jesus Purifies a Leper

A leper knelt down: “If you want to, you can make me clean.” Jesus reached out his hand, touched him, and said, “I want to. Be made clean!” And instantly his leprosy left him. Then Jesus said to him, “don’t speak to anyone. Instead, go and show yourself to the priest, and bring the offering that Moses commanded as proof to the them.”

Words

• “⸂λέπρας¦λεπρὸς⸃” “leper.”
  
• “⸂γονυπετῶν¦πεσὼν¦προσεκύνει⸃” “⸂knelt¦lay⸃.” The leper knelt (Mt, Mk) or lay down (Lk) in front of Jesus.
• “ἐὰν θέλῃς” “if you want” in all three.
• “δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι” “you can clean me” (in all 3).
• “ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα” “having stretched out the hand”
• “ἥψατο ⸂λέγει¦λέγων⸃ ⸂αὐτοῦ¦αὐτῷ⸃” “he touched him saying” or “he touched and said to him” (“ἥψατο” from “ἁπτω”)
• “Θέλω, καθαρίσθητι” “I want, be cleaned” Jesus responds with the same word (passive).
• “καὶ ⸂εὐθέως¦εὐθὺς⸃ ⎡ἐκαθαρίσθη αὐτοῦ|ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ⎤ ἡ λέπρα” “and immediately ⎡his leprosy was cleansed|the leprosy left him⎤”
• “καὶ ⸂λέγει¦παρήγγειλεν⸃ αὐτῷ” “and (Jesus) said to him”
• “μηδενὶ ⸂εἰπεῖν¦εἴπῃς⸃” “tell nobody”
• “ἀλλὰ ⸂ἀπελθὼν¦ὕπαγε⸃ σεαυτὸν δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ” “but go, show yourself to the priest”
• “καὶ ⸂προσένεγκε¦προσένεγκον⸃ ⸂καθὼς¦ἃ¦ὃ⸃ προσέταξεν Μωϋσῆς” “and bring (from ‘φερω’) that which Moses commanded”
• “εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς” “as proof to them.”

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Mt 8:5-13; Lk 7:1-10; Jn 4:46-53 - Healing of the Centurion’s Boy

A ⎡centurion|royal official⎤ (in Capernaum) had ⎡servant|favorite slave|son⎤ who was ill.  (He asked Jesus to heal him. Upon return, he found him well.)

Words

• “⸂βασιλικὸς¦ἑκατόνταρχος¦ἑκατοντάρχου⸃” “a ⸂centurion¦royal⸃”
• “⸂δοῦλος¦παῖς¦υἱὸς⸃” “a boy”
• “⎡βέβληται|κακῶς ἔχων|ἠσθένει⎤” “was ill”

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Mt 8:14-17; Mk 1:29-34; Lk 4:38-41 - Jesus Heals Simon’s Mother-in-law and Many Others

They went to the house of ⸂Simon¦Peter⸃. His mother-in-law had a fever.
… and the fever left her She rose, and she began serving them. When evening came, people brought to him those who were ⎡sick|possessed by demons⎤. He healed many who were sick and cast out demons.

Words

• “⸂εἰσῆλθεν¦ἐλθὼν¦ἦλθον⸃ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν ⸂Πέτρου¦Σίμωνος⸃” “⸂entered¦entering⸃ Peter’⸂s¦Simon⸃’s house”
• “⸂πενθερὰ¦πενθερὰν⸃ ⸂Σίμωνος¦αὐτοῦ⸃ ⎡πυρέσσουσα|πυρέσσουσαν|πυρετῷ συνεχομένη⎤” “⸂his¦Simon⸃‘s mother-in-law (’πενθερα’) … fever (burning)”
• (Jesus made a healing action. Mt: he touched her hand; Mk: he took her by the hand and lifted her up; Lk: he stood over her and rebuked the fever)
• “καὶ ⸂τῷ¦ὁ⸃ ⸂πυρετός¦πυρετῷ⸃ ἀφῆκεν ⸂αὐτήν¦αὐτὴν⸃” “and the fever (‘πυρετος’) left her”
• “⸂ἀναστᾶσα¦ἠγέρθη¦ἤγειρεν⸃” “⎡she rose|Jesus lifted her⎤.” These are the same verbs as for the resurrection. (Mt “ηγερθη”, Lk “αναστασα”, Mk “ηγειρεν”)
• “διηκόνει ⸂αὐτοῖς¦αὐτῷ⸃” “she served ⸂him¦them⸃”
• “⎡ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης|ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης, ὅτε ἔδυ ὁ ἥλιος|δύνοντος δὲ τοῦ ἡλίου⎤” “⎡evening came|the sun set⎤”
• “⸂προσήνεγκαν¦ἔφερον¦ἤγαγον⸃ ⎡αὐτῷ|πρὸς αὐτόν⎤” “they brought to him”
• “⸂ἐθεράπευεν¦ἐθεράπευσεν⸃” “he healed”
• “⸂πολλούς¦πολλὰ¦πολλῶν⸃” “many”
• “⎡κακῶς ἔχοντας|νόσοις⎤” “sick”
• “⸂δαιμονιζομένους¦δαιμόνια⸃” “⎡demonised|demons⎤”
• “⸂ἐξέβαλεν¦ἐξήρχετο⸃” “expelled”

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Mt 8:23-27; Mk 4:35-41; Lk 8:22-25 - Jesus Calms the Storm

(Jesus said) to go to the other side.
(When) in a boat, a violent storm came up. Jesus was asleep.
They woke him up, saying, “Master, we are perishing!” He got up and rebuked the wind and the sea. Calm came. He said to them, “Where is your faith?” They said, “Who is this because even the winds and the sea obey him?”

Words

• “εἰς τὸ πέραν ⸂διέλθωμεν¦ἀπελθεῖν⸃” “go to the other side”
• “⸂εἰς¦ἐν⸃ ⸂πλοίῳ¦πλοῖον⸃” “in a boat”
• “⸂γίνεται¦κατέβη¦ἐγένετο⸃ ⸂λαῖλαψ¦σεισμὸς⸃” “a storm (Mt: earthquake!) occurred”
• (Swamped by ⸂waves ¦ filled⸃ with water, not similar words)
• “⸂καθεύδων¦ἀφύπνωσεν¦ἐκάθευδεν⸃” “(Jesus was) asleep”
• “⸂διήγειραν¦ἐγείρουσιν¦ἤγειραν⸃ αὐτὸν ⸂λέγοντες¦λέγουσιν⸃” “they woke him, saying”
• “⸂Διδάσκαλε¦Κύριε¦Ἐπιστάτα⸃ ἀπολλύμεθα” “Master, we are perishing” (from “απολλυμι” to destroy utterly)
• “⸂διεγερθεὶς¦ἐγερθεὶς⸃” “he rose”
• “ἐπετίμησεν ⸂τοῖς¦τῷ⸃ ⸂ἀνέμοις¦ἀνέμῳ⸃ καὶ ⸂τῇ¦τῷ⸃ ⎡θαλάσσῃ|κλύδωνι τοῦ ὕδατος⎤” “rebuked the wind(s) and … ⎡the sea|the raging of the water⎤”. From “επιτιμαω” “to set a value upon, to reprove, to chide”.
  
• “καὶ ἐγένετο γαλήνη” “calm became” or “it became calm”.
  
• “⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃ αὐτοῖς” “he said to them”
• “⎡ὀλιγόπιστοι|οὔπω πίστιν|ποῦ πίστις⎤ ⸂Φοβηθέντες¦δειλοί⸃” “⎡of little faith|where is (your) faith⎤”
• “⸂λέγοντες¦ἔλεγον⸃” “they said”
• “⸂ποταπός¦τίς⸃ ἐστιν ⸂οὗτος¦οὗτός⸃” “who is this”
• “ὅτι καὶ ⸂οἱ¦τοῖς¦ὁ⸃ ⸂ἀνέμοις¦ἄνεμοι¦ἄνεμος⸃ καὶ ⸂ἡ¦τῷ⸃ ⸂θάλασσα¦ὕδατι⸃ ⸂ὑπακούει¦ὑπακούουσιν⸃ αὐτῷ;” “because even the wind(s) and the ⸂sea¦water⸃ obey him?”

In Mt, Jesus asks the disciples about their faith before getting up and rebuking the wind and water, in Mk and Lk, after.

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Mt 8:28-34, Mk 5:1-20, Lk 8:26-39 - Healing in Gentile Land

And they arrived in the region of the Gerasenes, a demon-possessed ⸂man¦men⸃ met him out of the tombs. He cried out, “What is between me and you, Son of God? Do not torment me.” There was a large herd of pigs grazing. (The demons) implored Jesus, “Send us into the pigs.” He let them go. They came out and went to the pigs. The herd rushed down the bank into the sea and died. The herders fled and told the town. The people went out to Jesus and begged him to leave their region.

Words

• “Καὶ ⸂κατέπλευσαν¦ἐλθόντος¦ἦλθον⸃ εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν ⸂Γαδαρηνῶν¦Γερασηνῶν⸃” “and they arrived at the country of the ⸂Gadarens¦Gerasenes⸃”. *“⎡δαιμονιζόμενοι|(ανθρωπος εν) πνεύματι ἀκαθάρτῳ|(ανηρ τις) ἔχων δαιμόνια⎤” “⎡two|a person⎤ possessed by an evil spirit”
• “⸂ὑπήντησαν¦ὑπήντησεν⸃ αὐτῷ” “met him”
• “⸂ἐκ¦ἐν⸃ ⸂τοῖς¦τῶν⸃ ⸂μνήμασιν¦μνημείων⸃” “from the tombs”
• “καὶ ⎡κράξας|φωνῇ (μεγάλῃ)|ἔκραξαν⎤ ⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει¦λέγοντες⸃” “and ⎡crying out|in a (loud) voice⎤ said”
• “Τί ⸂ἐμοὶ¦ἡμῖν⸃ καὶ σοί, Υἱὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ;” “what is between you and ⸂me¦us⸃, son of the God?”
• “… ⸂βασανίσαι¦βασανίσῃς⸃ ⸂με¦ἡμᾶς⸃” “… torment me”
• “Ἦν δὲ ἀγέλη χοίρων ⸂μεγάλη¦πολλῶν¦ἱκανῶν⸃ βοσκομένη”there was a large herd of pigs grazing”
• “⸂παρεκάλεσαν¦παρεκάλουν⸃ αὐτὸν” “implored him”
• “⸂πέμψον¦ἀπόστειλον¦ἐπιτρέψῃ⸃ ⸂αὐτοῖς¦ἡμᾶς⸃” “send ⸂us¦allow⸃ us” (notice the plural here because now we are talking about a legion)
• “εἰς ⸂χοίρους¦χοίρων¦ἐκείνους⸃” “into the ⸂pigs¦into⸃ them”
• “⸂ἐπέτρεψεν¦ὑπάγετε⸃” “(he said) ⎡‘go’|he allowed⎤”
• “⸂ἐξελθόντα¦ἐξελθόντες⸃” “they came out”
• “⸂εἰσῆλθον¦ἀπῆλθον⸃ εἰς τοὺς χοίρους” “they went to the pigs”
• “καὶ ὥρμησεν ἡ ἀγέλη κατὰ τοῦ κρημνοῦ εἰς τὴν ⸂θάλασσαν¦λίμνην⸃” “and the herd rushed down the bank into the ⸂sea¦lake⸃”
• “καὶ ⸂ἀπέθανον¦ἀπεπνίγη¦ἐπνίγοντο⸃” “and they ⸂perished¦drowned⸃”
• “οἱ βόσκοντες ἔφυγον” “the herders fled”
• “καὶ ἀπήγγειλαν εἰς τὴν πόλιν” “and reported to the town”
• “καὶ ⸂ἐξῆλθεν¦ἔρχονται¦ἦλθον⸃ ⸂εἰς¦πρὸς⸃ ⸂τὸν¦τῷ⸃ ⸂Ἰησοῦ¦Ἰησοῦν⸃” “and they went to Jesus”
• “⸂παρεκάλει¦παρεκάλεσαν¦ἠρώτησεν⸃ αὐτὸν” “they implored ⸂him¦asked⸃ him”
• “⸂μεταβῇ¦ἀπελθεῖν⸃ ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν (ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν)” “to leave them (their neighborhood)”

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Mt 9:1-8, Mk 2:1-12, Lk 5:17-26, ~Jn 5 - Cure of a paralytic

(Some people) carried to him a someone paralyzed on a stretcher. Seeing their faith, Jesus said “Your sins are forgiven.” Some of the scribes said, “He is blaspheming!”
But Jesus knew their thoughts and said, “Why do you question in your hearts? Which is easier: to say ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Rise and walk’? So that you know that the Son of the Person has authority on earth to forgive sins.” Then he said to the paralyzed man, “Rise, pick up your stretcher, and go home!” So the man rose, picked up the stretcher, and went away. And they glorified God.

Words

• “⸂προσέφερον¦φέροντες⸃” “they ⸂carried¦carrying⸃”
• “⎡παραλυτικὸν|ὃς ἦν παραλελυμένος⎤” “⎡a paralytic|someone who was paralyzed⎤”
• Differing words: “⎡ἐπὶ κλίνης|αἰρόμενον ὑπὸ τεσσάρων⎤” “⎡on a stretcher|carried by four people (presumably on a stretcher)⎤”
• “ἰδὼν (ὁ Ἰησοῦς) τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν, ⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃” “seeing their faith, he (Jesus) said”
• “⸂ἀφέωνταί¦ἀφίενταί⸃ αἱ ἁμαρτίαι σου” “your sins are forgiven (sent away, dismissed)” (passive from “αφιημι” “to send away, dismiss”)
• “⸂οἱ¦τῶν⸃ ⸂γραμματέων¦γραμματεῖς⸃” “(some of) the scribes”
• “⸂βλασφημίας¦βλασφημεῖ⸃” “he speaks blasphemies”
• “⸂ἐπιγνοὺς¦ἰδὼν⸃ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ⎡τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν|ὅτι οὕτως διαλογίζονται ἐν ἑαυτοῖς|τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς αὐτῶν⎤ ⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃” “Jesus, ⎡knowing|perceiving⎤ ⎡their thoughts|that they questioned within themselves|their questioning⎤ said.” The words are quite different but mean the same thing: Jesus perceived what was going on in their minds.
• “⸂Τί¦Ἵνατί⸃ ⸂διαλογίζεσθε¦ἐνθυμεῖσθε⸃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν;” “Why do you question in your hearts?”
• “τί ἐστιν εὐκοπώτερον;” “What is easier?”
• “εἰπεῖν· ⸂ἀφέωνταί¦ἀφίενταί⸃ αἱ ἁμαρτίαι σου” “saying: your sins are dismissed”
• “ἢ εἰπεῖν· Ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει;” “or saying: get up and walk?”
• “ἵνα δὲ εἰδῆτε ὅτι ἐξουσίαν ἔχει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας” “so that you know that the Son of the Person has the authority on the earth to dismiss sins”
• “⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃ τῷ ⸂παραλελυμένῳ¦παραλυτικῷ⸃” “he said to the paralyzed man”
• “⸂ἔγειρε¦ἔγερθεὶς⸃” “rise up” (3 synoptics plus Jn 5:8) from “εγειρειν” “to arouse, awaken”, same verb as the message of the angels at the resurrection “οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε, ἠγέρθη” “he is not here, he was risen (passive)”
• “⸂ἄρας¦ἆρον¦ἆρόν⸃ ⸂τὴν¦τὸ¦τὸν⸃ ⸂κλίνην¦κλινίδιόν¦κράβαττόν⸃ σου” “pick up your stretcher” (three synoptics plus Jn 5:8)
• “⸂πορεύου¦ὕπαγε⸃ εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου” “go to your home” (3 synoptics). Jn says “περιπάτει.”
• “καὶ ⸂ἀναστὰς¦ἐγερθεὶς¦ἠγέρθη⸃” “and he rose” Again, the same verbs as in the resurrection. (three synoptics).
• “⸂ἄρας¦ἦρεν⸃ ⎡τὸν κράβαττον|ἐφ᾽ ὃ κατέκειτο⎤” “he lifted ⎡the stretcher|that which is was lying on⎤” (Mk, Lk, Jn) The words are quite different but mean the same thing.
• “⸂ἀπῆλθεν¦ἐξῆλθεν¦περιεπάτει⸃” “he ⎡went away|walked⎤” (all four)
• (They had a strong reaction of fear or amazement)
• “καὶ ⸂δοξάζειν¦ἐδόξαζον¦ἐδόξασαν⸃ τὸν ⸂Θεόν¦Θεὸν⸃” “and they glorified God.”

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Mt 9:9-13, Mk 2:13-17, Lk 5:27-32 - Call of Levi

He saw ⸂Levi¦Matthew⸃ sitting at the tax collector’s desk. Jesus said to him, “Follow me!” So he got up and followed him.
At the house, many tax collectors were eating with him (Jesus). The Pharisees said to his disciples, “Why do you eat with tax collectors and sinners?” Jesus: “It is not the healthy who need a physician, but the sick. I did not come to call righteous people, but sinners.”

Words

• “⸂εἶδεν¦ἐθεάσατο⸃ καθήμενον ἐπὶ τὸ τελώνιον ⸂Λευὶν¦Μαθθαῖον⸃” “he saw a ⸂Levi¦Matthew⸃ sitting next to the toll-house”
• “καὶ ⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃ αὐτῷ” “and he said to him”
• “Ἀκολούθει μοι” “follow me”
• “καὶ ἀναστὰς ⸂ἠκολούθει¦ἠκολούθησεν⸃ αὐτῷ” “and having stood up, he followed him” from “ανισταναι”, used as a synonym for “εγειρειν” to resurrect.
• “ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ” “in the house”
• “καὶ ⎡πολλοὶ τελῶναι|ὄχλος πολὺς τελωνῶν⎤ ⎡συνανέκειντο|μετ᾽ αὐτῶν κατακείμενοι⎤” “⎡many tax collectors|a large crowd of tax collectors⎤ reclined with them”
• “⸂Φαρισαίων¦Φαρισαῖοι⸃ (γραμματεῖς) ⸂λέγοντες¦ἔλεγον⸃ ⎡πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ|τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ⎤” “the Pharisees said to his disciples” (Mk says “scribes of the Pharisees”, and Lk mentions the scribes)
• “⎡διὰ τί|ὅτι⎤ μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ⸂ἐσθίει¦ἐσθίετε⸃;” “Why ⎡does he|do you⎤ eat with the tax collectors and sinners?” (All 3, plus Lk 15:1-2). In Mt and Mk, the question is about Jesus eating with tax collectors and sinners, whereas in Lk, it is about the disciples eating with them.
• “⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃” “(Jesus) said”
• “οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν οἱ ⸂ἰσχύοντες¦ὑγιαίνοντες⸃ ἰατροῦ ⸂ἀλλὰ¦ἀλλ᾽⸃ οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες” “it is not the healthy who have a need of a physician, but those who have something bad”
• “⸂οὐ¦οὐκ⸃ ⸂ἐλήλυθα¦ἦλθον⸃ καλέσαι δικαίους ἀλλὰ ⸂ἁμαρτωλούς¦ἁμαρτωλοὺς⸃” “I did not come to call righteous but sinners.”

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Mt 9:14-17; Mk 2:18-22; Lk 5:33-39 - Fasting, the Old, and the New

“Why do John’s disciples and the Pharisees’ disciples fast, but your disciples don’t fast?” Jesus said to them, “The wedding guests can not fast while the groom is with them.”

“The days will come when the groom will be taken away from them, and then they will fast.”

“No one puts a piece of unshrunk cloth on an old garment. If he does, the damage is worse.

And no one pours new wine into old wine skins. If he does, the skins burst, and the skins will be ruined. Instead, new wine is poured into fresh wine skins.”

Words

• “οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰωάννου καὶ ⎡οἱ τῶν Φαρισαίων|οἱ Φαρισαῖοι⎤ ⸂νηστεύομεν¦νηστεύουσιν⸃” “John’s disciples and the ⎡Pharisees|the Pharisees’ disciples⎤ fast”
• “οἱ δὲ ⸂σου¦σοὶ⸃ ⸂μαθηταί¦μαθηταὶ⸃ ⎡οὐ νηστεύουσιν|ἐσθίουσιν καὶ πίνουσιν⎤” “⎡your disciples do not fast|yours eat and drink⎤”
• “εἶπεν ⎡αὐτοῖς|πρὸς αὐτούς⎤ ὁ Ἰησοῦς” “Jesus said to them”
• “⎡μὴ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος πενθεῖν|μὴ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος νηστεύειν|μὴ δύνασθε τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ νυμφῶνος|οὐ δύνανται νηστεύειν⎤” “⎡the wedding guests are unable to ⸂mourn¦fast⸃|you are unable to make the wedding guests fast⎤” (“οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος” literally “the sons of the bridal chamber” seems to mean the guests or attendants)
• “⎡ἐφ᾽ ὅσον|ὅσον χρόνον|ἐν ᾧ⎤ μετ᾽ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ⸂τὸν¦ὁ⸃ ⸂νυμφίον¦νυμφίος⸃” “while the bridegroom is with them”
• “ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι ὅταν ἀπαρθῇ ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν ὁ νυμφίος, τότε νηστεύσουσιν” “days will come when the bridegroom will be taken away from them, then they will fast.” (“ελευσονται” from “ερχομαι” “to come”, “απαρθῃ” from “απαιρω” “to take away”). Does “ὁταν” mean “if and when,” especially with the subjunctive? The lexicon has “in case of” as a possible translation.
• “οὐδεὶς ⸂ἐπιβάλλει¦ἐπιράπτει⸃ ἐπίβλημα ⎡ῥάκους ἀγνάφου|ἀπὸ ἱματίου καινοῦ⎤ ἐπὶ ⎡ἱμάτιον παλαιόν|ἱματίῳ παλαιῷ⎤” “nobody throws a patch ⎡of a new cloth|torn from a new garment⎤ on an old garment”
• “⸂σχίσει¦σχίσμα⸃” “⸂tear¦torn⸃”: damage is done. In Mt and Mk the damage is made worse “χεῖρον” and in Lk the new is torn.
• “⎡οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν|οὐδεὶς βάλλει⎤ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς” “⎡one does not pour|no one pours⎤ new wine in old skins”
• “εἰ δὲ μή, ⎡ῥήγνυνται οἱ ἀσκοί|ῥήξει (ὁ οἶνος) τοὺς ἀσκούς⎤” “if so, ⎡the skins burst|(the wine) bursts⎤ the skins”
• “καὶ οἱ ⸂ἀσκοί¦ἀσκοὶ⸃ ⸂ἀπολοῦνται¦ἀπόλλυνται¦ἀπόλλυται⸃” “and the skins are destroyed”
• “ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς ⸂καινούς¦καινοὺς⸃” “but new wine (is poured) into new skins”

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Mt 9:18-26; Mk 5:21-43; Lk 8:40-56 - Jairus’ Daughter and the Woman with a Hemorrhage

A ruler came and knelt down before him, and said, “My daughter is gone.” (And he begged him) to come.

A woman who had been suffering from chronic bleeding for twelve years came up behind him and touched his garment. He said, “Daughter, your faith has saved you.”

When Jesus came to the (ruler’s) house, they were mourning.
He said, “The girl did not die but is sleeping.” They laughed at him. He took her hand, and she rose up.

Words

• “⸂ἐλθὼν¦ἔρχεται¦ἦλθεν⸃ ⸂ἀρχισυναγώγων¦ἄρχων⸃” “a leader (of the synagogue) approached”
• “⎡προσεκύνει αὐτῷ|πίπτει πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ|καὶ πεσὼν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τοῦ Ἰησοῦ⎤” “⎡knelt before him|fell at his feet|falling at Jesus’s feet⎤”
• “ὅτι ⸂θυγάτηρ¦θυγάτριόν⸃ ⎡μου|ἦν αὐτῷ⎤” “(saying) that ⎡my|his daughter⎤”
• “⎡ἐτελεύτησεν|ἐσχάτως ἔχει|ἀπέθνῃσκεν⎤”⎡just died|is at the end|died⎤.” Note the differing words. Mt says litterally, “My daughter came to an end.” Mk says, “My daughter has extremely.” I think the words suggest the little girl was gone. It is because she was growing up as we will see later. On the other hand, Lk uses the same word as later when Jesus said, “she is not dead.”
• “⸂εἰσελθεῖν¦ἐλθὼν⸃” “come”
• “καὶ γυνὴ ⎡αἱμορροοῦσα|οὖσα ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος⎤ δώδεκα ⸂ἐτῶν¦ἔτη⸃” “and a woman ⎡bleeding|who had a flow of blood⎤ for twelve years”
• “⸂προσελθοῦσα¦ἐλθοῦσα⸃ ὄπισθεν, ἥψατο τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ” “coming behind, touched his garment”
• “εἶπεν” “Jesus said”
• “⸂θυγάτηρ¦θύγατερ⸃ ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε” “daughter, your faith has saved you.”
• “⸂ἐλθὼν¦ἔρχονται⸃ εἰς ⸂τὴν¦τὸν⸃ ⸂οἰκίαν¦οἶκον⸃” “arrived at the house”
• Various but differing words describing a lot of noise from mourners.
• “⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει¦ἔλεγεν⸃” “he said”
• “⸂οὐ¦οὐκ⸃ ἀπέθανεν ἀλλὰ καθεύδει” “she did not die but is sleeping”
• “καὶ κατεγέλων αὐτοῦ” “and they laughed at him” (from “καταγελαω” “to deride”)
• In Mt, the crowd was asked to leave. In Mk and Lk, Jesus entered with only a few people.
• “⸂κρατήσας¦ἐκράτησεν⸃ τῆς ⸂χειρὸς¦αὐτῆς¦τοῦ⸃ ⸂παιδίου¦”⸃ “he took her hand”
• “καὶ ⸂ἀνέστη¦ἠγέρθη⸃” “and she ⸂rose¦stood⸃ up”

Words - Father pleads with Jesus

• Ruler (“αρχων”)
• ⸂Knelt ¦ fell⸃ at his feet
• Daughter
• ⸂Died ¦ at⸃ point of ⸂death ¦ dying⸃
• “Come”
• (Jesus) went

Words - Woman

• Woman
• ⸂Hemorrhage¦ blood⸃ flow
• Twelve years
• Came up behind him
• Touched his garment
• Jesus said
• “Daughter, your faith has saved you” “ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν”

Words - Back to girl

• Came to the house of the ruler
• ⸂Tumult ¦ weeping⸃
• “The girl is not dead but sleeping”
• They laughed at him
• Took her by the hand
• The girl ⸂arose ¦ got⸃ up

Words used to designate the girl and the woman:

1st part:

• “θυγατηρ”×2, “θυγατριον”×1

2nd part:

• “γυνη”×3 (3w),
• “γυνη”×2,
• “θυγατερ”×3 (3w),
• “γυνη”×1

3rd part:

• “θυγατηρ”×2,
• “κορασιον”×1, “παιδιον”×1,
• “παιδιου”×1
• “παιδιον”×1
• “ταλιθα”×1
• “κορασιον”×1, “παις”
• “κορασιον”×2

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Mt 10:1; Mk 3:13-15; Mk 6:7; Lk 9:1 - Jesus Gives Authority to the Twelve

Jesus called the twelve and gave them authority ⸂over¦demons¦unclean⸃ ⸂spirits¦.⸃ He sent them.

Words

• “⸂δὲ¦καὶ⸃ ⸂συνκαλεσάμενος¦προσκαλεσάμενος¦προσκαλεῖται⸃ τοὺς δώδεκα” “he called the twelve”
• “⸂ἐδίδου¦ἔδωκεν⸃ αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν ⎡δαιμόνια|πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων⎤” “he gave them authority over ⎡demons|unclean spirits⎤”
• “⸂ἀπέστειλεν¦ἀποστέλλειν¦ἀποστέλλῃ⸃ ⸂τούτους¦αὐτοὺς⸃” “he sent them”

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Mt 10:2-3; Mk 3:16-19; Lk 6:13-16 - Selection of the Disciples

(He chose) Simon called Peter, Andrew and James and John, Philip and Bartholomew, Thomas and Matthew, James son of Alphaeus and ⎡Thaddeaus|Judas son of James⎤, Simon the Zealot(=Cananaean), Judas Iscariot, who would ⎡betray|(become the) traitor⎤”

Words

1. “⸂Σίμων¦Σίμωνα¦Σίμωνι⸃ ⸂λεγόμενος¦ὄνομα¦ὠνόμασεν⸃ ⸂Πέτρον¦Πέτρος⸃” “Simon called Peter”
2. “⸂Ἀνδρέαν¦Ἀνδρέας⸃” “Andrew”
3. “καὶ ⸂Ἰάκωβον¦Ἰάκωβος⸃” “and James (Jacob)”
4. “καὶ ⸂Ἰωάννην¦Ἰωάννης⸃” “and John”
5. “⸂Φίλιππον¦Φίλιππος⸃” “Philip”
6. “καὶ ⸂Βαρθολομαῖον¦Βαρθολομαῖος⸃” “and Bartholomew”
7. “⸂Θωμᾶν¦Θωμᾶς⸃” “Thomas”
8. “καὶ ⸂Μαθθαῖον¦Μαθθαῖος⸃” “and Matthew”
9. “⸂Ἰάκωβον¦Ἰάκωβος⸃ Ἁλφαίου” “James son of Alphaeus”
10. “καὶ ⎡Θαδδαῖον|Θαδδαῖος|Ἰούδαν Ἰακώβου⎤” “and ⎡Thaddeaus|Judas son of James⎤”
11. “⸂Σίμων¦Σίμωνα⸃ ⸂τὸν¦ὁ⸃ ⸂Ζηλωτὴν¦Καναναῖον¦Καναναῖος⸃” “Simon the Zealot(=Cananaean)”
12. “⸂Ἰούδαν¦Ἰούδας⸃ ⸂Ἰσκαριώθ¦Ἰσκαριώτης¦Ἰσκαριὼθ⸃ ⸂ὁ¦ὃς⸃ ⸂παρέδωκεν¦παραδοὺς¦προδότης⸃” “Judas Iscariot, who would ⎡betray|(become the) traitor⎤” (verb “παραδιδοναι” and noun “προδοτης”).

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Mt 10:9-14, Mk 6:8-12, Lk 9:3-5, Lk 10:4-10 - Jesus Sends the Disciples

“On the road, do not take anything, no money, not two tunics, not a bag. Wherever you enter, stay there, ⎡and leave from there|until you leave⎤. And if they do not welcome you, as you leave, shake the dust off your feet.”

Words

• “εἰς ⸂ὁδόν¦ὁδὸν⸃” “on the road”
• “⸂μὴδὲν¦μηδὲν¦μὴ⸃ ⸂αἴρετε¦αἴρωσιν¦βαστάζετε¦κτήσησθε⸃” “take nothing” (also Lk 10)
• “⸂μήτε¦μηδὲ¦μὴ⸃ ⸂ἀργύριον¦ἄργυρον¦χαλκόν¦χαλκὸν⸃” “no money”
• “⸂μήτε¦μηδὲ¦μὴ⸃ δύο χιτῶνας” “not two tunics”
• “⸂μήτε¦μὴ⸃ πήραν” “no bag” (also Lk 10)
• “⸂Ὅπου¦εἰς⸃ ⸂ἂν¦ἐὰν⸃ εἰσέλθητε ⸂κἀκεῖ¦ἐκεῖ⸃ ⸂μένετε¦μείνατε⸃” “Wherever you enter, stay there”
• “ἕως ἐκεῖθεν ⸂ἐξέλθητε¦ἐξέρχεσθε⸃” “⎡until you leave|leave from there⎤”
• “καὶ ⸂ὃς¦ὅσοι⸃ ἂν μὴ ⸂δέξηται¦δέχωνται⸃ ὑμᾶς” “and if they do not receive you” (also Lk 10)
• “⸂ἐκπορευόμενοι¦ἐξελθόντες¦ἐξερχόμενοι⸃” “leave”
• “⸂ἀπομασσόμεθα¦ἀποτινάσσετε¦ἐκτινάξατε⸃ τὸν ⸂κονιορτὸν¦χοῦν⸃ ⸂τοὺς¦τῶν⸃ ⸂ποδῶν¦πόδας⸃ ὑμῶν” “shake the dust off your feet” (also Lk 10)

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Mt 10:26; Mk 4:22; Lk 8:17; Lk 12:2 - Secrets Will Be Revealed

Nothing is ⸂covered¦hidden⸃ that will not be revealed or ⸂hidden¦secret⸃ ⎡that will not be known|come to light⎤.

Words

• “⸂οὐ¦οὐδὲν⸃ ⸂ἐστιν¦ἐστὶν⸃ ⸂κεκαλυμμένον¦κρυπτὸν¦συγκεκαλυμμένον⸃” “nothing is covered” (“κεκαλυμμένον”, “συγκεκαλυμμένον” to be covered, from “καλυπτω”).
• “⸂μὴ¦οὐ¦οὐκ⸃ ⸂φανερωθῇ¦φανερὸν¦ἀποκαλυφθήσεται⸃” “will not be ⸂revlealed¦shown⸃” (“ἀποκαλυφθήσεται” to be uncovered from “αποκαλυπτω.” “Φανερωθῃ” to bring to light, to disclose from “φανεροω”).
• “⸂κρυπτὸν¦ἀπόκρυφον⸃” “⸂concealed¦hidden⸃” (“κρυπτὸς” “hidden;” “ἀπόκρυφον” “hidden away, concealed”).
• “ὃ οὐ ⸂γνωσθήσεται¦γνωσθῇ⸃” “that you will not know” (“γνωσθησεται”, “γνωσθῃ” to perceive from “γινωσκω”).
• “ἔλθῃ εἰς ⸂φανερόν¦φανερὸν⸃” (“φανερον” “apparent, clear.” “Ελθῃ” “go,” from “ερχομαι”).

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Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Lk 7:27 - John the Baptist is the Messenger

“It is written: ‘Behold, I send my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way.’”

Words

• “γέγραπται” “it is written”
• “Ἰδοὺ ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου πρὸ προσώπου σου” “Look! I send my messenger before you”
• “ὃς κατασκευάσει τὴν ὁδόν σου” “who will prepare your way”

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Mt 12:1-8; Mk 2:23-28; Lk 6:1-5 - Plucking Grain on the Sabbath

They were walking through the grain fields on the Sabbath. His disciples picked the heads of grain. The Pharisees said to him, “They doing what is not lawful on the Sabbath.” He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? How he entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which was not lawful for anyone but the priests to eat?” The Son of the Person is Lord of the Sabbath.”

Words

• “⎡τοῖς σάββασιν|ἐν τοῖς σάββασιν|ἐν σαββάτῳ⎤ ⸂διαπορεύεσθαι¦παραπορεύεσθαι¦ἐπορεύθη⸃ διὰ σπορίμων” “on the sabbath, ⸂he¦they⸃ walked through grain fields”
• “οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ στάχυας ⸂τίλλειν¦τίλλοντες¦ἔτιλλον⸃” “his disciples plucked ears of grain”
• “⎡οἱ Φαρισαῖοι|τινὲς τῶν Φαρισαίων⎤ ⸂εἶπαν¦ἔλεγον⸃” “the Pharisees said”
• “⸂ποιεῖτε¦ποιοῦσιν⸃ ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν ⎡τοῖς σάββασιν|ἐν σαββάτῳ⎤” “doing what is not lawful on a sabbath”
• “⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃” “he said”
• “⸂οὐδέποτε¦οὐδὲ¦οὐκ⸃ ἀνέγνωτε ⸂τί¦ὃ⸃ ἐποίησεν Δαυὶδ” “have you ⸂not¦never⸃ read what David did” (“ανεγνωτε” from “αναγινωσκειν”)
• “ὅτε ἐπείνασεν καὶ οἱ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ;” “when he was hungry as well as those with him?”
• “⸂πῶς¦ὡς⸃ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως ⸂ἔφαγεν¦ἔφαγον⸃” “how he entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence”
• “⸂οὓς¦ὃ⸃ οὐκ ⸂ἐξὸν¦ἔξεστιν⸃ φαγεῖν εἰ μὴ ⸂τοὺς¦τοῖς⸃ ⸂ἱερεῖς¦ἱερεῦσιν⸃;” “which are not permitted to eat except for priests?”
• “⸂κύριος¦κύριός⸃ ἐστιν τοῦ σαββάτου ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου” “the Son of the Person is Lord of the Sabbath” (Mk and Lk have a different word order: “κυριος εστιν ὁ Υἱος του ανθρωπου και του σαββατου” “the Son of the Person is Lord and of the Sabbath”, which seems to say that Jesus is Lord (God) in addition to being lord of the sabbath. But this is not 3w. Even if there is only one Lord of the sabbath, meaning God).

Words

• Going through the grainfields, sabbath
• The disciples plucked heads of grain
• The Pharisees said
• “Doing what is not lawful on a sabbath”
• “Have you not read what David did, when he was hungry, and those with him, how he entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which was not lawful to eat for anyone but the priests?”
• “The Son of the Person is lord of the Sabbath”.

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Mt 12:9-14; Mk 3:1-6; Lk 6:6-11, ~Lk 14:1-6 - The Man with the Withered Hand

Jesus went into the synagogue. There was a person with a withered hand. They watched Jesus to see whether he would heal on the Sabbath, so as to accuse him. He asked them, “Is it permitted to do good on the Sabbath?” He said, “Hold out your hand.” The man held it out, and it was restored. They discussed what (to do with him).

Words

• “⸂εἰσελθεῖν¦εἰσῆλθεν¦ἦλθεν⸃ εἰς τὴν ⸂συναγωγήν¦συναγωγὴν⸃” “he entered the synagogue>
• “καὶ ⸂ἦν¦ἰδοὺ⸃ ἄνθρωπος” “and there was a person”
• “⸂χεὶρ¦χεῖρα⸃ ⸂ξηρά¦ξηράν¦ἐξηραμμένην⸃” “withered hand”
• “⸂παρετήρουν¦παρετηροῦντο¦ἐπηρώτησαν⸃ αὐτὸν” “they ⸂questioned¦observed⸃ him” (different words, but similar meaning)
• “εἰ … ⸂τοῖς¦τῷ⸃ ⸂σάββασιν¦σαββάτῳ⸃ ⸂θεραπεύει¦θεραπεύσει¦θεραπεῦσαι⸃” “if … heal on a sabbath”
• “ἵνα ⸂κατηγορήσωσιν¦κατηγορεῖν⸃ αὐτοῦ” “so as to accuse him”
• “ἔξεστιν ⸂τοῖς¦τῷ⸃ ⸂σάββασιν¦σαββάτῳ⸃ ⎡καλῶς ποιεῖν|ἀγαθὸν ποιῆσαι|ἀγαθοποιῆσαι⎤” “is it permitted on a sabbath to do good?”
• “⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃ ⎡αὐτῷ|τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ⎤” he said
• “⸂Ἔκτεινον¦Ἔκτεινόν⸃ τὴν ⸂χεῖρά¦χεῖρα⸃” “stretch out the hand”
• “⸂ἐξέτεινεν¦ἐποίησεν⸃” “he stretched ⸂out¦he⸃ did” (different words, but same meaning: the person did what Jesus asked)
• “καὶ ἀπεκατεστάθη” “and it was restored” (from “αποκαθιστημι” “to restore to a previous state”)
• “⸂διελάλουν¦συμβούλιον⸃ … ⸂τί¦ὅπως⸃ …” “They (the Pharisees) discussed … ⎡how to destroy him (Jesus)|what to do to Jesus⎤”. Different words, but all indicating a hostile reaction. The common words are “⸂διελάλουν¦συμβούλιον⸃” “⸂discussed¦council⸃” and “⸂τί¦ὅπως⸃” “⸂what¦which⸃”.

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Mt 12:24-32; (Mt 9:34;) Mk 3:20-29; Lk 11:14-22 & Lk 12:10 - A House Divided

Plus Jn 7:20; Jn 8:48: Jn 8:52; Jn 10:29

Some said: “He expells out demons by Beelzebul, the leader of demons.”

(Jesus) said: “A kingdom divided against itself ⎡is laid waste|can not stand⎤, and a house (divided) against itself ⎡falls|does not stand⎤. If Satan is divided against himself, he cannot stand

⎡Blasphemy|saying a word (against the Son of the Person)⎤ will be forgiven, but whoever ⸂blasphemes¦speaks⸃ against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven.

Words

• “⸂εἶπον¦ἔλεγον⸃” “some said” (plus Mt 9:34)
• “ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια” “he expells demons by Beelzebul the leader of demons” (plus Mt 9:34)
• “⸂εἶπεν¦ἔλεγεν⸃” “he said”
• “βασιλεία ⸂διαμερισθεῖσα¦μερισθεῖσα¦μερισθῇ⸃ ⎡καθ᾽ ἑαυτῆς|ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτὴν⎤ ⎡ἐρημοῦται|οὐ δύναται σταθῆναι⎤” “a kingdom divided against itself ⎡is laid waste|cannot stand⎤”
• “καὶ ⸂οἰκία¦οἶκος⸃ ⎡καθ᾽ ἑαυτῆς|ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτὴν|ἐπὶ οἶκον⎤ ⎡οὐ σταθήσεται|οὐ σταθῆναι|πίπτει⎤” “and a house (divided) against itself ⎡does not stand|can not stand|falls⎤”
• “εἰ ὁ καὶ Σατανᾶς ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτὸν ⸂διεμερίσθη¦ἐμερίσθη⸃ ⎡πῶς σταθήσεται|οὐ δύναται στῆναι⎤” “and if Satan is divided against himself, ⎡how does … stand|he cannot stand⎤”
• “⎡βλασφημία|βλασφημίαι|ἐρεῖ λόγον⎤ ἀφεθήσεται” “⎡blasphemy will be forgiven|saying a word (against the Son of the Person) will be forgiven⎤”
• “⸂τῷ¦ὃς⸃ ⸂δὲ¦δ᾽⸃ ⸂βλασφημήσαντι¦βλασφημήσῃ¦εἴπῃ⸃ ⸂εἰς¦κατὰ⸃ ⸂τοῦ¦τὸ⸃ ⸂Πνεύματος¦Πνεῦμα⸃ ⸂Ἁγίου¦Ἅγιον⸃ οὐκ ⎡ἀφεθήσεται|ἔχει ἄφεσιν⎤” “but whoever ⸂blasphemes¦speaks⸃ against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven”

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Mt 12:46-50; Mk 3:31-35; Lk 8:19-21 - The Family of Jesus

Then his mother and his brothers (arrived). “Your mother and your brothers are outside ⎡wanting to see|seeking⎤ you.” He answered: “My mother and my brothers are those who do the ⸂word¦will⸃ of the ⸂Father¦God⸃.”

Words

• “ἡ μήτηρ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ” “his mother and brothers”
• “ἡ μήτηρ σου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου ἔξω” “your mother and your brothers are outside”
• “⎡ζητοῦντές σοι|ζητοῦσίν σε|ἰδεῖν θέλοντές σε⎤” “⎡seeking you|wanting to see you⎤”
• “ἀποκριθεὶς ⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃” “answering, he said”
• “μήτηρ μου καὶ ἀδελφοί μου” “my mother and my brothers”
• “⸂οἱ¦ὃς¦ὅστις⸃ ⸂ποιήσῃ¦ποιοῦντες⸃ ⸂τὸ¦τὸν⸃ ⸂θέλημα¦λόγον⸃ τοῦ ⸂Θεοῦ¦Πατρός⸃” “whoever does the ⸂word¦will⸃ of the ⸂Father¦God⸃”. Here, Mt and Mk say “will,” and Lk says “word.” All three say “do”.

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Mt 13:1-9,18-23; Mk 4:1-9,13-20; Lk 8:4-8,11-15 - Parable of the sower

A large crowd gathered around him. He spoke to them in parables. “The sower went out to sow. As he was sowing, some seeds fell along the path, and birds ate them up.
And others fell on stony ground, where they sprouted but they dried up because they did not have ⸂roots¦moisture⸃.
And others fell among thorns, and the thorns grew up and choked them.
And others fell on good soil and produced a crop. (They produced) one hundred times.” “May the person who has ears, listen!”

(Jesus explained) the parable. “Those sown along by the path are like those who hear the word, ⎡Satan|the evil one⎤ comes and takes away ⎡the word|that which was sown⎤. Those on the stony ground, are those who hear and accept the word with joy, but since they don’t have any roots, they last for a short time. When trouble or persecution comes along, they ⎡sumble|fall away⎤. Those sown among the thorns, are those who hear the word, but worries and wealth choke it so that it does not produce a crop. Those on the good soil, are those who hear the word, ⸂understand¦accept⸃ it, and bear fruit.”

Words

• “⸂Συνιόντος¦συνάγεται¦συνήχθησαν⸃ ⸂ὄχλοι¦ὄχλος¦ὄχλου⸃ ⸂πλεῖστος¦πολλοί¦πολλοῦ⸃ πρὸς αὐτὸν” “a large crowd gathered around him”
• “⸂εἶπεν¦ἐδίδασκεν¦ἐλάλησεν⸃ ⸂διὰ¦ἐν⸃ ⸂παραβολαῖς¦παραβολῆς⸃” “he ⸂spoke¦taught⸃ in parable(s)”
• “ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων ⸂σπείρειν¦σπεῖραι⸃” “the sower went out to sow”
• “ἐν τῷ σπείρειν ⸂ἃ¦ὃ⸃ μὲν ἔπεσεν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν” “and in the sowing, some (seeds) fell along the path”
• “καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ κατέφαγεν ⸂αὐτά¦αὐτό⸃” “and the birds devoured them”
• “⸂ἄλλο¦ἄλλα¦ἕτερον⸃ ⸂κατέπεσεν¦ἔπεσεν⸃ ἐπὶ ⸂τὰ¦τὴν¦τὸ⸃ ⸂πέτραν¦πετρώδη¦πετρῶδες⸃” “and others fell on the rocky ground”
• “καὶ ⸂φυὲν¦ἐξανέτειλεν⸃” “they sprouted.” Sprouted “φυεν” from “φυω⸂” ¦ sprung⸃ up “εξανετειλεν” from “εξανατελλω” to rise up, to sprout
• “ἐξηράνθη” “they dried up,” “withered,” from “ξηραινω”
• “διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ⸂ἰκμάδα¦ῥίζαν⸃” “because of not having ⸂root¦moisture⸃”
• “⸂ἄλλο¦ἄλλα¦ἕτερον⸃ ἔπεσεν ⸂εἰς¦ἐν¦ἐπὶ⸃ ⸂τὰς¦τῶν⸃ ⸂ἀκάνθας¦ἀκανθῶν⸃” “others fell among the thorns”
• “καὶ ⸂συμφυεῖσαι¦ἀνέβησαν⸃ αἱ ἄκανθαι” “and the thorns grew”. “rose, climbed” “αναβαινω”, “grew together” “συμπυω”
• “⸂συνέπνιξαν¦ἀπέπνιξαν¦ἔπνιξαν⸃ ⸂αὐτά¦αὐτό⸃” “(and) choked them,” from “πνιγω”, “συμπνιγω”, “αποπνιγω”
• “⸂ἄλλα¦ἄλλα¦ἕτερον⸃ ἔπεσεν ⸂εἰς¦ἐπὶ⸃ τὴν γῆν τὴν ⸂καλήν¦καλὴν¦ἀγαθήν⸃” “others fell on the soil the good”
• “⸂ἐδίδου¦ἐποίησεν⸃ ⸂καρπόν¦καρπὸν⸃” “and ⸂gave¦made⸃ fruit”
• “⸂ἑκατονταπλασίονα¦ἑκατόν¦ἑκατὸν⸃” “hundred fold”
• “⸂Ὁ¦Ὃς⸃ ⸂ἔχει¦ἔχων⸃ ὦτα ἀκουέτω” “may he who has ears listen”

Explanation of the parable:

• “⸂τὴν¦ἡ⸃ ⸂παραβολή¦παραβολὴν⸃” “… the parable”
• “⸂οἱ¦ὁ⸃ παρὰ τὴν ⸂ὁδόν¦ὁδὸν⸃” “⸂that¦those⸃ (sown) by the path” (Mt: further down)
• “⸂εἰσιν¦ἐστιν⸃” “are”
• “⸂ἀκούοντος¦ἀκούσαντες¦ἀκούσωσιν⸃” “hear”
• “⸂τὸν¦ὁ⸃ ⸂λόγον¦λόγος⸃” “the word” (of ⸂God¦of⸃ the kingdom)
• “ἔρχεται ὁ ⸂Σατανᾶς¦διάβολος¦πονηρὸς⸃ καὶ ⸂αἴρει¦ἁρπάζει⸃ ⎡τὸ ἐσπαρμένον|τὸν λόγον⎤” “the ⎡evil one|satan|devil⎤ comes and ⸂snatches¦takes⸃ ⎡the word|that which was sown⎤”
• “⸂οἱ¦ὁ⸃ ἐπὶ ⸂τὰ¦τῆς⸃ ⸂πέτρας¦πετρώδη⸃” “⸂that¦those⸃ on the rocks”
• “⸂οἳ¦ὁ⸃ ⸂ἀκούσωσιν¦ἀκούων⸃ μετὰ χαρᾶς ⸂δέχονται¦λαμβάνουσιν¦λαμβάνων⸃ ⎡αὐτόν|τὸν λόγον⎤” “⸂he¦they⸃ hear, ⸂taking¦receiving⸃ ⎡it|the word⎤ with joy”
• “οὐκ ⸂ἔχει¦ἔχουσιν⸃ ῥίζαν” “⸂does¦do⸃ not have root.” Here Lk mentions roots but did not in the first part
• “⎡πρόσκαιροί|πρόσκαιρός|πρὸς καιρὸν⎤” “⎡short ⸂lived¦for⸃ a while⎤.” “Καιρος” often refers to the time of judgement.
• “⎡θλίψεως ἢ διωγμοῦ|πειρασμοῦ⎤” “tribulation or persecution (occurs)” (Mt, Mk) or “(in time of) testing” (Lk)
• “⸂σκανδαλίζεται¦σκανδαλίζονται¦ἀφίστανται⸃” “stumble” (Mt, Mk) or “fall away” (Lk)
• “⸂τὸ¦ἄλλοι¦ὁ⸃ εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας ⸂πεσόν¦σπαρείς¦σπειρόμενοι⸃” “those which ⎡were sowed|fell⎤ on the thorns”
• “⸂οὗτοί¦οὗτός⸃ ⸂εἰσιν¦ἐστιν⸃ ⸂οἱ¦ὁ⸃ ⸂ἀκούσαντες¦ἀκούων⸃” “they are listeners (of the word)”
• “⸂μέριμνα¦μέριμναι¦μεριμνῶν⸃” “cares”, “anxious interest”
• “καὶ … πλούτου” “wealth”
• “⸂συμπνίγει¦συμπνίγονται¦συμπνίγουσιν⸃” “⸂suffocate¦choke⸃ (the word)”
• “καὶ ⎡ἄκαρπος γίνεται|οὐ τελεσφοροῦσιν⎤” “⎡and become fruitless|do not mature⎤”
• “⸂τὸ¦οἱ¦ὁ⸃ ⸂ἐν¦ἐπὶ⸃ ⸂τὴν¦τῇ⸃ ⸂γῆν¦γῇ⸃ ⸂καλὴν¦καλῇ⸃” “those ⸂on¦in⸃ good soil”
• “⸂ἀκούουσιν¦ἀκούσαντες¦ἀκούων⸃ τὸν λόγον” “hear the word”
• “⸂καρποφοροῦσιν¦κατέχουσιν¦συνιείς⸃” “⸂understand¦accept¦hold⸃”
• “⸂καρποφορεῖ¦καρποφοροῦσιν⸃” “bear fruit”

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Mt 13:12; Mk 4:25; Lk 8:18 - More to Those Who Have

(same words and almost the same context)
Plus Mt 25:29; Lk 19:26 (same words, but different context)

To him who has, it will be given, and from him who has not, even what he has will be taken away from him.

The words

• “γὰρ ⸂ἔχει¦ἔχοντι¦ἔχῃ⸃” “he who has”
• “⸂τῷ¦αὐτῷ⸃” “to him”
• “δοθήσεται” “will be given”
• “⸂τοῦ¦ὃς¦ὅστις⸃ ⸂μὴ¦οὐκ⸃ ⸂ἔχει¦ἔχοντος¦ἔχῃ⸃” “and from him who has not”
• “καὶ ὃ ⸂ἔχει¦ἔχειν⸃” “even what he has”
• “ἀρθήσεται ⸂ἀπὸ¦ἀπ᾽⸃ ⸂αὐτοῦ¦τοῦ⸃” “will be taken from him”

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Plus Mt 25:29; Lk 19:26

Mt 13:10-17; Mk 4:10-12; Lk 8:9-10 - The Secrets of the Kingdom

Plus Jn 12:40

(Why the) parables? He said, “You have been given the secret(s) of the kingdom of God. But to others, … in parables, so that ‘seeing, they may not see, and hearing, they may not comprehend.’”

Words

• “⸂παραβολάς¦παραβολή¦παραβολαῖς⸃” “(why the) ⸂parables¦(⸃what is) the parable?”
• “⸂εἶπεν¦ἔλεγεν⸃” “he said”
• “ὑμῖν δέδοται ⸂τὰ¦τὸ⸃ ⸂μυστήρια¦μυστήριον⸃ τῆς βασιλείας ⸂τοῦ¦τῶν⸃ ⸂Θεοῦ¦οὐρανῶν⸃” “to you has been given (to know) the secret(s) of the kingdom of the ⸂heavens¦God⸃”
• “⎡αὐτοῖς|τοῖς ἔξω|τοῖς λοιποῖς⎤ ἐν παραβολαῖς” “⎡to them|to those outside|to the others⎤, in parables”
• “⸂ἵνα¦ὅτι⸃ βλέποντες ⸂μὴ¦οὐ⸃ ⸂βλέπουσιν¦βλέπωσιν¦ἴδωσιν⸃”” “⎡so that|because⎤ seeing, they ⸂do¦may⸃ not ⸂see¦perceive⸃”
• “καὶ ἀκούοντες ⸂μὴ¦οὐδὲ⸃ ⸂συνίουσιν¦συνιῶσιν⸃” “hearing, they ⸂do¦may⸃ not understand”

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Mt 13:18-23; Mk 4:13-20; Lk 8:11-15 - Explanation of the Parable of the Sower

See above under Mt 13:1 & ff & parallels. The parable and its explanation are grouped together.

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Mt 13:31-32, Mk 4:30-32, Lk 13:18-19 - The Parable of the Mustard Seed

He said, “The kingdom of God is like a mustard seed planted in the ground. It grows up and becomes a tree, and the birds of the air make nests in the ⎡branches|shade⎤.”

Words

• “⸂λέγων¦ἔλεγεν⸃” “he said”
• “⎡ὁμοία ἐστὶν|ὁμοιώσωμεν⎤ ⸂τὴν¦ἡ⸃ ⸂βασιλεία¦βασιλείαν⸃ ⸂τοῦ¦τῶν⸃ ⸂Θεοῦ¦οὐρανῶν⸃” “the kingdom of ⸂heaven¦of⸃ God is ⸂similar¦we⸃ compare”
• “κόκκῳ σινάπεως ⸂ὃν¦ὃς⸃ ⸂σπαρῇ¦ἔβαλεν¦ἔσπειρεν⸃ ⸂εἰς¦ἐν¦ἐπὶ⸃ ⸂γῆς¦κῆπον¦ἀγρῷ⸃” “a seed of mustard that (a person) ⸂sows¦throws⸃ ⸂in¦on⸃ the ⸂field¦earth¦garden/>
• “⸂αὐξηθῇ¦ηὔξησεν¦ἀναβαίνει⸃” “it grew (climbed)” (from “αυξανειν” “to grow”)
• “καὶ ⎡γίνεται δένδρον|ποιεῖ κλάδους μεγάλους|ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον⎤” “and ⎡became a tree|made big branches⎤”
• “τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ⸂κατασκηνοῦν¦κατεσκήνωσεν⸃ ⎡ἐν τοῖς κλάδοις αὐτοῦ|ὑπὸ τὴν σκιὰν αὐτοῦ⎤” “the birds of the sky settled ⎡in its branches|under its shade⎤”

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Mt 13:54-58; Mk 6:1-6; Lk 4:16-30 - Jesus in Nazareth

And he went to his country. He taught in the synagogue. They were astonished. They said: “Is he not the carpenter’⸂s¦Joseph⸃’⸂s¦Mary⸃’s son?”
Jesus said, “A prophet is not without honor except in his own country.”

Words (only synoptics except where indicated at the end)

• “καὶ ⸂ἐλθὼν¦ἔρχεται¦ἦλθεν⸃ ⎡εἰς τὴν πατρίδα αὐτοῦ|εἰς (Ναζαρά) οὗ ἦν τεθραμμένος⎤” “he went to ⎡his country|to where he was brought up⎤” (“τεθραμμενος” from “τρεφειν” “to nourish”)
• “⸂εἰς¦ἐν⸃ ⸂τὴν¦τῇ⸃ ⸂συναγωγήν¦συναγωγῇ⸃” “⸂in¦to⸃ the synagogue”
• “⸂διδάσκειν¦ἀναγνῶναι¦ἐδίδασκεν⸃” “⸂teach¦read⸃”
• “⸂ἐθαύμαζον¦ἐκπλήσσεσθαι¦ἐξεπλήσσοντο⸃” “they were ⸂struck¦amazed⸃”
• “⸂λέγειν¦λέγοντες¦ἔλεγον⸃” “they said”
• “⸂οὐχὶ¦οὐχ⸃ ⸂οὗτος¦οὗτός⸃ ἐστιν ⸂υἱός¦υἱὸς⸃ ⸂Μαρίας¦τέκτονος¦Ἰωσὴφ⸃” “is he not the carpenter’⸂s¦Joseph⸃’⸂s¦Mary⸃’s son?”
• “⸂εἶπεν¦ἔλεγεν⸃” “he said”
• “⎡οὐκ ἔστιν προφήτης ἄτιμος|οὐδεὶς προφήτης δεκτός ἐστιν|προφήτης … τιμὴν οὐκ ἔχει⎤” “⎡a prophet is not without honor|no prophet is accepted|a prophet does not have respect⎤”
• “(εἰ μὴ) ἐν τῇ πατρίδι ⸂αὐτοῦ¦ἰδίᾳ⸃” “(except) in his country” (Jn 4:44: “προφητης εν τῃ ιδιᾳ πατριδι τιμην ουκ εχει” “a prophet in his own country has no honor”).

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Mt 14:1-2; Mk 6:14-16; Lk 9:7-9 - Herod Hears About Jesus

Herod heard (about Jesus), … “John (the Baptist) was raised from the dead.”

Words

• “ἤκουσεν Ἡρῴδης” “Herod heard (… about Jesus)”
• (He ⸂said¦some⸃ said)
• “…Ἰωάννης ⸂ἐγήγερται¦ἠγέρθη⸃ ⸂ἀπὸ¦ἐκ⸃ νεκρῶν” “John was raised from the dead.”

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Mt 14:3; Mk 6:17; Lk 3:19 - Herod Throws John the Baptist in Prison

Herod put John in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother’s wife.

Words:

• “ὁ Ἡρῴδης ⸂κρατήσας¦ἐκράτησεν¦κατέκλεισεν⸃ τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ” “Herod ⎡seized John (and put him)|locked up John⎤ in prison”
• “⸂διὰ¦περὶ⸃ ⸂Ἡρῳδιάδα¦Ἡρῳδιάδος⸃ ⸂τὴν¦τῆς⸃ ⸂γυναῖκα¦γυναικὸς⸃ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ” “for the sake of Herodias, his brother’s wife.”

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Mt 14:13-21; Mt 15:32-39; Mk 6:30-44; Mk 8:1-9; Lk 9:10-17; Jn 6:1-15 - The Multiplication of the Loaves and Fish

Mt 14:13-21; Mk 6:30-44; Lk 9:10-17; Jn 6:1-15 describe the multiplication for five thousand.
Mt 15:32-39; Mk 8:1-9 – the multiplication for four thousand – are designated Mt4K and Mk4K below.

Jesus withdrew alone. The crowds followed him. He was moved by them.

As the day was drawing to a close, the twelve approached him and said, “The place is deserted. Let the crowd go away to villages so they can get some food.”
But he said to them, “You give them something to eat.” He asked “How many loaves do you have?” They replied, “Five loaves of bread and two fish.”

He told them to sit down on the grass.
Taking the five loaves and the two fish, he looked up to heaven, ⎡blessed them|gave thanks⎤, broke them, and gave them to the disciples to set down next the crowd.
They all ate and were full. They collected the leftover pieces into twelve baskets. There were about five thousand men.

Words

• “⸂ἀνεχώρησεν¦ἀπῆλθον¦ὑπεχώρησεν⸃” “⎡went away|withdrew⎤” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• (In a ⸂boat¦crossed⸃ the sea Mt, Mk, Jn)
• “κατ᾽ ἰδίαν” “apart”, alone (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “⸂ὄχλοι¦ὄχλος⸃ ⸂ἠκολούθει¦ἠκολούθησαν⸃ αὐτῷ” “the crowd(s) followed him” (Mt, Lk, Jn)
• “⸂σπλαγχνίζομαι¦ἐσπλαγχνίσθη⸃ ⎡ἐπὶ τὸν ὄχλον|ἐπ᾽ αὐτοῖς|ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς⎤” “⎡he was moved|I am moved over⎤ ⎡them|over the crowd⎤” (Mt, Mt4K, Mk,Mk4K: only two authors, but four times, therefore consider as 3W)
• “⎡ὀψίας γενομένης|ὥρας πολλῆς γενομένης|ἡμέρα ἤρξατο κλίνειν⎤” “⎡it was evening|it was an advanced hour|the day began to end⎤” (Mt, Mk, Lk. Differing words, same meaning)
• “⸂προσελθόντες¦προσῆλθον⸃ οἱ ⸂δώδεκα¦μαθηταὶ⸃ ⸂εἶπαν¦λέγοντες¦ἔλεγον⸃” “the ⸂disciples¦twelve⸃ approached and said” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “⎡Ἔρημός ἐστιν ὁ τόπος|ἐν ἐρήμῳ τόπῳ ἐσμέν⎤” “⎡the place is deserted|we are in a deserted place⎤” (Mt, Mk, Lk. In Lk, it is after “let the crowds go…” Mt4K and Mk4K say “⎡ἐν ἐρημίᾳ|ἐπ᾽ ἐρημίας⎤” “in the desert”)
• “⸂ἀπολύσω¦ἀπολῦσαι¦ἀπόλυσον⸃ ⎡αὐτοὺς|τοὺς ὄχλους|αὐτούς|τὸν ὄχλον⎤” “release ⎡them|the crowd(s)⎤” (Mt, Mk, Lk, Mt4K, Mk4K)
• “ἵνα ⸂πορευθέντες¦ἀπελθόντες⸃ εἰς ⸂τοὺς¦τὰς⸃ κώμας ⸂εὕρωσιν¦ἀγοράσωσιν⸃ ⎡βρώματα|τί φάγωσιν|ἐπισιτισμόν⎤” “so that, going to the villages, they may ⸂buy¦find⸃ ⎡food|something to eat|provisions⎤” (Mt, Mk, Lk). Lk repeats one verse later: “εἰ μήτι πορευθέντες ἡμεῖς ἀγοράσωμεν … τοῦτον βρώματα” “unless we go and buy the food”.
• “εἶπεν ⎡πρὸς αὐτούς|αὐτοῖς⎤” “he said to them” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς φαγεῖν” “you give them to eat” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “⸂λέγει¦ἠρώτα⸃ ⸂αὐτούς¦αὐτοῖς⸃ ‘πόσους ἄρτους ἔχετε’” “he ⸂said¦asked⸃ them: how many breads do you have?” (Mt4K, Mk, Mk4K)
• “(Ἑπτά) πέντε ⸂ἄρτοι¦ἄρτους⸃ καὶ ⸂δύο¦ὀλίγα⸃ ⸂ἰχθύας¦ἰχθύδια¦ἰχθύες¦ὀψάρια⸃” “(seven) five breads and ⸂two¦few⸃ fish” (All six accounts. Five loaveswin Mt, Mk, Lk, Jn; seven in Mt4K and Mk4K.)
• Jesus ordered…. (differing words)
• “⎡αὐτοὺς|αὐτοῖς|τοὺς ὄχλους|τοὺς ἀνθρώπους|τῷ ὄχλῳ⎤” “the crowd(s⸂)¦the⸃ ⸂people¦them⸃” (all six accounts)
• “⸂κατακλίνατε¦ἀνακλιθῆναι¦ἀνακλῖναι¦ἀναπεσεῖν⸃” “to lay ⸂down¦lay⸃ ⸂back¦lay⸃ ⸂down¦lay⸃ down” (all six accounts. All verbs are used for reclining at a table and could also be translated for us as “sit down”).
• “⎡ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν|ἐπὶ τοῦ χόρτου|ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς|ἐπὶ τῷ χλωρῷ χόρτῳ⎤” “on the ⸂grass¦ground⸃” (Mt, Mt4K, Mk, Mk4K. Jn says “ἦν χόρτος πολὺς” “there was a lot of grass”)
• “⸂λαβὼν¦ἔλαβεν⸃” “⎡taking|he took⎤” (all six accounts)
• “τοὺς ⸂πέντε¦ἑπτὰ⸃ ἄρτους” “he took ⸂five¦seven⸃ breads” (all six accounts, but “five” in Mt, Mk, and Lk, “seven” in Mt4K and Mk4K, and no number in Jn)
• “καὶ τοὺς ἰχθύας δύο” “and the two fish” (Mt, Mk, Lk, Mt4K without “δυο”, Jn has “ὀψαρίων” a few words later)
• “ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν” “looking up to the heaven” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “εὐλόγησεν” “he blessed” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “εὐχαριστήσας” “he gave thanks” (Mt4K, Mk4K, Jn)
• “⸂κατέκλασεν¦κλάσας¦ἔκλασεν⸃” “he broke” (Mt, Mt4K, Mk, Mk4K, Lk, not Jn)
• “⸂διέδωκεν¦ἐδίδου¦ἔδωκεν⸃ τοῖς μαθηταῖς” “gave to the disciples” (Mt, Mt4K, Mk, Mk4K, Lk. Jn says “διέδωκεν τοῖς ἀνακειμένοις” “distributed to those who were reclining,” meaning that Jesus appears to have distributed directly.)
• “⸂παρέθηκαν¦παραθεῖναι¦παρατιθῶσιν⸃” “set down next to …” (Mk, Mk4K, and Lk) with the verb “παρατιθεναι”. Mt and Mt4K do not have a verb.
• “⎡αὐτοῖς|τοῖς ὄχλοις|τῷ ὄχλῳ⎤” “to ⸂them¦the⸃ crowd(s)” (Mt, Mt4K, Mk, Mk4K, Lk, not Jn).
  
• “καὶ ἔφαγον πάντες καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν” “and they all ate and were full” (Mt, Mt4K, Mk, Mk4K, Lk)
• “καὶ ⸂συναγάγετε¦ἤρθη¦ἦραν⸃ ⸂τὰ¦τὸ⸃ ⸂περισσεύματα¦περισσεύσαντα¦περισσεῦον¦περισσεῦσαν⸃ ⸂κλάσματα¦κλασμάτων⸃” “and they picked up the rest of the pieces” (Mt, Mt4K, Mk, Mk4K, Lk. Jn is similar: “συναγάγετε τὰ περισσεύσαντα κλάσματα” “collect the remaining pieces”)
• “⸂δώδεκα¦ἑπτὰ⸃ ⸂κοφίνους¦κοφίνων¦κόφινοι¦σπυρίδας⸃” “⸂twelve¦seven⸃ baskets” (all six accounts. Twelve in Mt, Mk, Lk, Jn; seven in Mt4K, Mk4K)
• “ἦσαν ⸂πεντακισχίλιοι¦τετρακισχίλιοι⸃ ἄνδρες” “they were ⸂five¦four⸃ thousand men” (Mt, Mk, Lk, Jn: five thousand; Mt4K, Mk4K: four thousand. “ἄνδρες” is missing in Mk4K.)

The account of five thousand (Mt, Mk, Lk, Jn)

Jesus withdrew alone. The crowds followed him. As the day was drawing to a close, the twelve came to him and said, “The place is deserted. Let the crowd go away to villages so they can get some food.”
But he said to them, “You give them something to eat.” “(We have only) five loaves of bread and two fish.”
He commanded them all to sit down.
Taking the five loaves and the two fish, he looked up to heaven, blessed them, broke them, and gave them to the disciples to give to the crowd.
They all ate and were full. They collected the leftover pieces into twelve baskets. There were five thousand men.

• “⸂ἀνεχώρησεν¦ἀπῆλθον¦ὑπεχώρησεν⸃” “went ⸂away¦withdrew⸃”
• “κατ᾽ ἰδίαν” “apart”, alone
• “⸂ὄχλοι¦ὄχλος⸃ ⸂ἠκολούθει¦ἠκολούθησαν⸃ αὐτῷ” “the crowd(s) followed him”
• “⎡ὀψίας γενομένης|ὥρας πολλῆς γενομένης|ἡμέρα ἤρξατο κλίνειν⎤” “⎡it was evening|it was an advanced hour|the day began to end⎤”
• “⸂προσελθόντες¦προσῆλθον⸃ οἱ ⸂δώδεκα¦μαθηταὶ⸃ ⸂εἶπαν¦λέγοντες¦ἔλεγον⸃” “the ⸂disciples¦the⸃ twelve approached and said”
• “⎡ἔρημός ἐστιν ὁ τόπος|ἐν ἐρήμῳ τόπῳ ἐσμέν⎤” “⎡the place is deserted|we are in a deserted place⎤” (In Lk, it is after “let the crowds go…”)
• “⸂ἀπολύσω¦ἀπολῦσαι¦ἀπόλυσον⸃ ⎡τοὺς ὄχλους|αὐτούς|τὸν ὄχλον⎤” “release ⸂them¦the⸃ crowd(s)”
• “ἵνα ⸂πορευθέντες¦ἀπελθόντες⸃ εἰς ⸂τοὺς¦τὰς⸃ κώμας ⸂εὕρωσιν¦ἀγοράσωσιν⸃ ⎡βρώματα|τί φάγωσιν|ἐπισιτισμόν⎤” “so that, going to the villages, they ⸂buy¦find⸃ ⸂food¦something⸃ to ⸂eat¦provisions⸃”. Lk adds one verse later: “ει μητι πορευθεντες ἡμεις αγορασωμεν… τουτον βρωματα” “unless we go and buy the food”.
• “εἶπεν ⎡πρὸς αὐτούς|αὐτοῖς⎤” “he said to them”
• “δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς φαγεῖν” “you give them to eat”
• “πέντε ⸂ἄρτοι¦ἄρτους⸃ καὶ δύο ⸂ἰχθύας¦ἰχθύες¦ὀψάρια⸃” “five loaves and two fish”
• “⎡αὐτοὺς|αὐτοῖς|τοὺς ὄχλους|τοὺς ἀνθρώπους⎤” “the crowd(s⸂)¦the⸃ ⸂people¦them⸃”
• “⸂κατακλίνατε¦ἀνακλιθῆναι¦ἀνακλῖναι¦ἀναπεσεῖν⸃” “to lay ⸂down¦lay⸃ ⸂back¦lay⸃ ⸂down¦lay⸃ down” (All verbs are used for reclining at a table and could also be translated for us as “sit down”).
• “⸂λαβὼν¦ἔλαβεν⸃” “⸂taking¦he⸃ took”
• “τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους” “he took five breads”
• “καὶ τοὺς ἰχθύας δύο” “and the two fish”
• “ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν” “looking up to the heaven”
• “εὐλόγησεν” “he blessed”
• “⸂κατέκλασεν¦κλάσας¦ἔκλασεν⸃” “he broke”
• “⸂διέδωκεν¦ἐδίδου¦ἔδωκεν⸃ τοῖς μαθηταῖς” “gave to the disciples”
• “⎡αὐτοῖς|τοῖς ὄχλοις|τῷ ὄχλῳ⎤” “to ⸂them¦the⸃ crowd(s)”
• “καὶ ἔφαγον πάντες καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν” “and they all ate and were full”
• “καὶ ⸂συναγάγετε¦ἤρθη¦ἦραν⸃ ⸂τὰ¦τὸ⸃ ⸂περισσεύσαντα¦περισσεῦον¦περισσεῦσαν⸃ ⸂κλάσματα¦κλασμάτων⸃” “and they picked up the rest of the pieces”
• “δώδεκα ⸂κοφίνους¦κοφίνων¦κόφινοι⸃” “twelve baskets”
• “ἦσαν πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες” “they were five thousand men”

Text with three versions and with Jn

“Five loaves of bread and two fish.”
He commanded them all to sit down on the grass.
Taking the five loaves and the two fish, he looked up to heaven, blessed them, broke them, and gave them.
They collected the leftover pieces into twelve baskets. There were about five thousand men.

• “(Ἑπτά) πέντε ⸂ἄρτοι¦ἄρτους⸃ καὶ ⸂δύο¦ὀλίγα⸃ ⸂ἰχθύας¦ἰχθύδια¦ἰχθύες¦ὀψάρια⸃”
• “πεντε (αρτουσ) και δυο ⸂ιχθυας¦ιχθυες¦οψαρια¦ὀψαρίων⸃” “five loaves and two fish” (Mt, Mk, Lk, Jn). “Seven loaves” in Mt4K and Mk4K and “two fish” in Mt4K.
• “⎡αὐτοὺς|αὐτοῖς|τοὺς ὄχλους|τοὺς ἀνθρώπους|τῷ ὄχλῳ⎤” “the crowd(s⸂)¦the⸃ ⸂people¦them⸃” (all six accounts)
• “⸂κατακλίνατε¦ἀνακλιθῆναι¦ἀνακλῖναι¦ἀναπεσεῖν⸃” “to lay ⸂down¦lay⸃ ⸂back¦lay⸃ ⸂down¦lay⸃ down” (all six accounts. All verbs are used for reclining at a table and could also be translated for us as “sit down”).
• “⎡ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν|ἐπὶ τοῦ χόρτου|ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς|ἐπὶ τῷ χλωρῷ χόρτῳ|ἦν χόρτος πολὺς⎤” “⎡on the grass|on the ground|there was a lot of grass⎤”
• “⸂λαβὼν¦ἔλαβεν⸃” “⸂taking¦he⸃ took” (all six accounts)
• “τοὺς ἄρτους” “he took breads” (all six accounts)
• “εὐχαριστήσας” “he gave thanks” (Mt4K, Mk4K, Jn). “εὐλόγησεν” “he blessed” (Mt, Mk, Lk)
• “⸂διέδωκεν¦ἐδίδου¦ἔδωκεν⸃” “⸂gave¦distributed⸃”
• “καὶ ⸂συναγάγετε¦ἤρθη¦ἦραν⸃ ⸂τὰ¦τὸ⸃ ⸂περισσεύματα¦περισσεύσαντα¦περισσεῦον¦περισσεῦσαν⸃ ⸂κλάσματα¦κλασμάτων⸃” “and they picked up the rest of the pieces” (all six accounts)
• “δώδεκα ⸂κοφίνους¦κοφίνων¦κόφινοι⸃” “twelve baskets” (Mt, Mk, Lk ,Jn)
• “ἦσαν πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες” “they were five thousand men” (Mt, Mk, Lk, Jn)

Text with five versions, excluding mismatching numbers (Mt, Mt4K, Mk, Mk4K, Lk) without Jn

“The place is deserted. Let the crowd go.” “Bread and two fish.”
(He commanded them) to sit down.
Taking the loaves, he ⎡blessed them|gave thanks⎤, broke them, and gave them to the disciples to give to the crowd.
They all ate and were full. They collected the leftover pieces into baskets. There were thousands of men.

• “⎡ἔρημός ἐστιν ὁ τόπος|ἐν ἐρήμῳ τόπῳ ἐσμέν|ἐν ἐρημίᾳ|ἐπ᾽ ἐρημίας⎤” “⎡the place is deserted|we are in a deserted place|in the desert⎤” (all five)
• “⸂ἀπολύσω¦ἀπολῦσαι¦ἀπόλυσον⸃ ⎡αὐτοὺς|τοὺς ὄχλους|αὐτούς|τὸν ὄχλον⎤” “release ⸂them¦the⸃ crowd(s)” (all five)
• “⸂ἄρτοι¦ἄρτους⸃ καὶ δύο ⸂ἰχθύας¦ἰχθύδια¦ἰχθύες⸃” “loaves and two fish” (all five)
• “⎡αὐτοὺς|αὐτοῖς|τοὺς ὄχλους|τοὺς ἀνθρώπους|τῷ ὄχλῳ⎤” “the crowd(s⸂)¦the⸃ ⸂people¦them⸃” (all five)
• “⸂κατακλίνατε¦ἀνακλιθῆναι¦ἀνακλῖναι¦ἀναπεσεῖν⸃” “to lay ⸂down¦lay⸃ ⸂back¦lay⸃ ⸂down¦lay⸃ down” (all five)
• “⸂λαβὼν¦ἔλαβεν⸃” “⸂taking¦he⸃ took” (all five)
• “τοὺς ἄρτους” “he took breads” (all five)
• “εὐλόγησεν” “he blessed” (Mt, Mk, Lk) “εὐχαριστήσας” “he gave thanks” (Mt4K, Mk4K)
• “⸂κατέκλασεν¦κλάσας¦ἔκλασεν⸃” “he broke” (all five)
• “⸂ἐδίδου¦ἔδωκεν⸃ τοῖς μαθηταῖς” “gave to the disciples” (all five)
• “⎡αὐτοῖς|τοῖς ὄχλοις|τῷ ὄχλῳ⎤” “to ⸂them¦the⸃ crowd(s)” (all five)
• “καὶ ἔφαγον πάντες καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν” “and they all ate and were full” (all five)
• “καὶ ⸂ἤρθη¦ἦραν⸃ ⸂τὰ¦τὸ⸃ ⸂περισσεύματα¦περισσεῦον¦περισσεῦσαν⸃ ⸂κλάσματα¦κλασμάτων⸃” “and they picked up the rest of the pieces” (all five)
• “⸂κοφίνους¦κοφίνων¦κόφινοι¦σπυρίδας⸃” “baskets” (all five)
• “ἦσαν (…)χίλιοι ἄνδρες” “they were thousands of men” (all five)

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Mt 14:22-33; Mk 6:45-52; Jn 6:16-21 - Jesus Walks on Water

Jesus went up the mountain. The disciples got into a boat, to cross the sea. It was the dark. There was a strong wind.
They were far from land. They saw Jesus walking on the sea towards them. They were frightened. He said to them, “It is I. Do not fear!”
He got into the boat.

Words

• “⸂οἱ¦τοὺς⸃ ⸂μαθηταὶ¦μαθητὰς⸃ … ⸂ἐμβάντες¦ἐμβῆναι⸃ εἰς πλοῖον … ⎡εἰς τὸ πέραν|πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης⎤” “disciples … got into a boat … to the other side (of the sea)”
• “⸂ἀνέβη¦ἀνεχώρησεν¦ἀπῆλθεν⸃ εἰς τὸ ὄρος” (Jesus) “⸂ascended¦left⸃ to the mountain”
• “⎡ὀψίας γενομένης|σκοτία ἐγεγόνει⎤” “it became ⸂evening¦dark⸃”
• They were far from land
• “⎡ἦν ἐναντίος ὁ ἄνεμος|ἀνέμου μεγάλου⎤” “⎡the wind was against (them)|a strong wind⎤”
• “⸂θεωροῦσιν¦ἰδόντες⸃ ⎡αὐτὸν|τὸν Ἰησοῦν⎤ ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης περιπατοῦντα” “seeing ⸂him¦Jesus⸃ walking on the sea.” Mt and Mk repeat, “περιπατῶν ἐπὶ ⸂τὴν¦τῆς⸃ ⸂θάλασσαν¦θαλάσσης⸃” “walking on the sea.”
• “⎡ἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς|ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτοὺς|ἐγγὺς τοῦ πλοίου γινόμενον⎤” “⎡he came towards them|getting close to the boat⎤”
• “⸂ἐταράχθησαν¦ἐφοβήθησαν⸃” “they were ⸂terrified¦frightened⸃”
• “⸂λέγει¦ἐλάλησεν⸃ αὐτοῖς” “he said to them”
• “ἐγώ εἰμι: μὴ φοβεῖσθε” “‘It is I: do not fear.’” Note how all three texts agree here.
• “εἰς τὸ πλοῖον” “into the boat”

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Mt 16:1-4; Mt 12:38-39; Mk 8:11-12; Lk 11:16,29 - An Evil Generation Seeks a Sign

Some Pharisees quizzed him and asked him for a sign from heaven.
He answered them “an evil generation seeks a sign but no sign shall be given to it except the sign of Jonah.”

Words

• “πειράζοντες” “⸂testing¦quizzing⸃” (same word also translated as “tempting”) (Mt 16, Mk 12, Lk 11)
• Some (Pharisees) were asking for or seeking (various wordings)
• “σημεῖον” “a sign” (Mt 16, Mt 12, Mk, Lk 11)
• “⸂ἀπὸ¦ἐκ¦ἐξ⸃ οὐρανοῦ” “from heaven” (Mt 16, Mk, Lk 11)
• “⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει¦λέγειν⸃” “He answered”
• “γενεὰ ⸂πονηρά¦πονηρὰ⸃” “an evil generation” (Mt 12, Mt 16, Lk 11, Mk just “γενεα”)
• “σημεῖον ⸂ζητεῖ¦ἐπιζητεῖ⸃” “seeks a sign” (Mt 12, Mt 16, Mk, Lk 11)
• “καὶ σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται ⎡αὐτῇ|τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ⎤” “and no sign shall be given to ⎡it|to this generation⎤” (Mt 12, Mt 16, Mk 8, Lk 11).
• “εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ” “except the sign of Jonah” (Mt 12:39, Mt 16:4, Lk 11:29). Mk does not mention Jonah.

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Mt 16:6,11,12; Mk 8:15; Lk 12:1 - Leaven of the Pharisees

“Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees.”

Words

• “⸂βλέπετε¦προσέχειν¦προσέχετε⸃ ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων” “⎡take heed|beware⎤ of the leaven of the Pharisees.”

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Mt 16:13-16,20; Mk 8:27-30; Lk 9:18-21 - Peter Confesses Jesus as The Christ

(Jesus) asked the disciples, saying: “Who do people say I am?” They said, “John the Baptist, others Elijah, and others one of the prophets.”
He said to them, “But you, who do you say I am?”
Answering, Peter said, “You are the Christ!”
Jesus ordered them not to tell anybody.

Words

• “⸂ἐπηρώτα¦ἐπηρώτησεν¦ἠρώτα⸃ ⎡αὐτοὺς|τοὺς μαθητὰς⎤ λέγων” “(Jesus) asked the disciples, saying”
• “τίνα λέγουσιν οἱ ⸂ἄνθρωποι¦ὄχλοι⸃ ⎡με|τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εἶναι⎤;” “who do people say ⎡I am|the Son of the Person is⎤?”
• “Οἱ δὲ εἶπαν” “They said”
• “Ἰωάννην τὸν Βαπτιστήν” “John the Baptist”
• “ἄλλοι Ἠλίαν” “others Elijah”
• “⸂ἄλλοι¦ἕτεροι⸃ δὲ ⎡ἕνα τῶν προφητῶν|εἷς τῶν προφητῶν|προφήτης τις⎤” “others, one of the prophets”
• “⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει¦ἐπηρώτα⸃ ⸂αὐτούς¦αὐτοῖς⸃” “he said to them”
• “ὑμεῖς δὲ τίνα με λέγετε εἶναι;” “but you, who do you say I am?”
• “ἀποκριθεὶς Πέτρος ⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃” “answering, Peter said”
• “⸂τὸν¦ὁ⸃ ⸂Χριστός¦Χριστὸν¦Χριστὸς⸃” “the Christ”
• “⸂διεστείλατο¦ἐπετίμησεν¦ἐπιτιμήσας⸃ ⎡αὐτοῖς|τοῖς μαθηταῖς⎤” “he charged ⎡them|the disciples⎤”
• “μηδενὶ ⸂εἴπωσιν¦λέγειν¦λέγωσιν⸃” “to tell nobody”

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Mt 16:21-23; Mk 8:31-33; Lk 9:22 - First Prediction of Death

He said, “⎡He|the Son of the Person⎤ must suffer a lot at the hands of the elders, the high priests, and the scribes, and be killed, and be raised on the third day.”

Words

• “… ὅτι” “(he said) that”
• “⎡αὐτὸν|τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου⎤” “⎡he|the son of the person⎤” Mt does not say “Son of the Person”, Mk and Lk do.
• “δεῖ” “must” (he cannot avoid it)
• “πολλὰ παθεῖν” “suffer a lot”
• “⸂ἀπὸ¦ὑπὸ⸃ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων καὶ ἀρχιερέων καὶ γραμματέων” “from the elders and chief priests and scribes”
• “καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι καὶ ⎡τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ|μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας⎤ ⸂ἀναστῆναι¦ἐγερθῆναι⸃” “and be killed and be raised ⎡on the third day|after three days⎤”

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Mt 16:24-28; Mk 8:34-9:1; Lk 9:23-27; Jn 12:25 - Conditions of Discipleship

He said, “If anyone wants to come with me, he must ⸂deny¦renounce⸃ himself, pick up his cross, and follow me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it. What will a person gain if he acquires the whole world, but loses himself?
The Son of the Person will come in the glory of the Father with the angels. Truly, I say to you, there are some standing here who will not taste death before they see the kingdom.”

Words (Mt, Mk, Lk. Jn for a few sentences)

• “⸂εἶπεν¦ἔλεγεν⸃” “he said”
• “εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ⸂ἀκολουθεῖν¦ἐλθεῖν¦ἔρχεσθαι⸃” “if someone wants to ⸂go¦follow⸃ behind me”
• “⸂ἀπαρνησάσθω¦ἀρνησάσθω⸃ ἑαυτὸν” “must ⸂deny¦reject⸃ himself”
• “καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ” “and pick up one’s cross” (from “αἱρω” to take up, lift, raise, remove, kill. Note: not “αιρεω”)
• “καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι” “and must follow me” (from “ακολουθεω”)
• “ὃς γὰρ ⸂ἂν¦ἐὰν⸃ θέλῃ σῶσαι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἀπολέσει αὐτήν” “who then would want to save ⸂his¦her⸃ life destroys it” (Mt, Mk, Lk). “ὁ φιλῶν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἀπολλύει αὐτήν” “who loves ⸂her¦his⸃ life destroys it” (Jn)
• “ὃς δ᾽ἂν ⸂ἀπολέσει¦ἀπολέσῃ⸃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ ⸂εὑρήσει¦σώσει⸃ αὐτήν” “but who destroys ⸂her¦his⸃ life because of me ⸂finds¦saves⸃ it” (Mt, Mk, Lk). “καὶ ὁ μισῶν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ φυλάξει αὐτήν” “and who hates ⸂his¦her⸃ life keeps it” (Jn)
• “τί γὰρ ⸂ὠφεληθήσεται¦ὠφελεῖ¦ὠφελεῖται⸃ ⸂ἄνθρωπος¦ἄνθρωπον⸃” “what therefore does a person gain” (Mt, Mk, Lk) (“ωφελεω” to help, profit)
• “⸂κερδήσῃ¦κερδῆσαι¦κερδήσας⸃ τὸν κόσμον ὅλον” “he acquires the whole world” (“κεραινω” to gain, acquire possession of)
• “⸂δὲ¦καὶ⸃ ⸂ζημιωθῇ¦ζημιωθῆναι¦ζημιωθείς⸃ ⎡τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ|ἑαυτὸν⎤” “but loses ⎡oneself|one’s life⎤” (“ζημιοω” to suffer loss)
• “ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ⸂ἔρχεσθαι¦ἔλθῃ⸃ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ Πατρὸς … τῶν ἀγγέλων” “the Son of the Person will come in the glory of the Father (⸂with¦and⸃) the angels.”
• “⸂Ἀμὴν¦ἀληθῶς⸃ λέγω ὑμῖν” “Truly, I say to you”
• “εἰσίν τινες τῶν ἑστώτων” “there are some of those standing here”
• “⸂οἵτινες¦οἳ⸃ οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτου” “who will not taste death”
• “ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν ⎡τὴν βασιλείαν|ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ⎤” “before they see the kingdom.”

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Mt 17:1-9; Mk 9:2-10; Lk 9:28-36 - Transfiguration

After ⸂six¦eight⸃ days, Jesus took Peter, James, and John and led them up a mountain. His appearance was changed in front of them, and his clothes became dazzling white.
Elijah and Moses appeared talking with Jesus. Peter said to Jesus, “It is good that to be here! Let’s set up three tents — one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” Then a cloud overshadowed them. Then a voice came out of the cloud and said, “This is my Son, the ⸂beloved¦chosen⸃. Listen to him!” (They saw) only Jesus.

Words:

• “⸂μεθ᾽¦μετὰ⸃ ⸂ἡμέρας¦ἡμέραι⸃ ⸂ἓξ¦ὀκτὼ⸃” “after six (Lk: eight) days”
• “⸂παραλαβὼν¦παραλαμβάνει⸃ Πέτρον καὶ Ἰάκωβον καὶ Ἰωάννην” “Jesus took Peter, Jacob, and John”
• “εἰς ὄρος” “to a mountain”
• “⎡μετεμορφώθη|τὸ εἶδος ἕτερον⎤” “⎡(Jesus) was changed|the appearance was different⎤”
• “⸂ἱμάτια¦ἱματισμὸς⸃ αὐτοῦ ⸂λευκὰ¦λευκὸς⸃” “his clothes became bright white”
• “καὶ ⸂ὀφθέντες¦ὤφθη⸃ Ἠλίας ⸂καὶ¦σὺν⸃ ⸂Μωϋσεῖ¦Μωϋσῆς⸃ ⎡συλλαλοῦντες μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ|συλλαλοῦντες τῷ Ἰησοῦ|συνελάλουν αὐτῷ⎤” “And Moses and Elijah appeared talking with ⸂him¦Jesus⸃”
• “ὁ Πέτρος ⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃ ⎡τῷ Ἰησοῦ|πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν⎤” “Peter said to Jesus”
• “⸂Κύριε¦Ἐπιστάτα¦Ῥαββί⸃, καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι” “(⸂Rabbi¦Lord¦Master⸃), it is good to be here”
• “⸂ποιήσω¦ποιήσωμεν⸃ τρεῖς ⸂σκηνάς¦σκηνὰς⸃” “make three tents”
• “σοὶ μίαν καὶ Μωϋσεῖ μίαν καὶ Ἠλίᾳ μίαν” “One for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah”
• “⸂ἐγένετο¦ἰδοὺ⸃ νεφέλη ⸂ἐπεσκίαζεν¦ἐπεσκίασεν¦ἐπισκιάζουσα⸃ ⸂αὐτούς¦αὐτοῖς⸃” “lo, a cloud overshadowed them” (from “επισκιαζω” to overshadow. The word sounds like “επισκηνοω” to abide in, with root “σκηνη” tent).
• “καὶ ⸂ἐγένετο¦ἰδοὺ⸃ φωνὴ ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης” “and lo a voice sounded out of the cloud” (“εκ ουραν…” “from heaven” at baptism, “εκ της νεφελης” “from the cloud” at transfiguration)
• “οὗτός ἐστιν” “he is” at the transfiguration (“συ ει” “you are” at the baptism in Mk and Lk)
• “ὁ Υἱός μου” “my son” in all six texts
• “ὁ ⸂ἀγαπητός¦ἐκλελεγμένος⸃” “the ⸂beloved¦chosen⸃”. “ὁ ἀγαπητός” in both texts of Mt and of Mk, and some mss of Lk for the baptism, Ps 2:7 for other mss of Lk at the baptism, “ἐκλελεγμένος” in Lk at the transfiguration.
• “ἀκούετε αὐτοῦ” “listen to him” in the transfiguration
• “⎡Ἰησοῦν μόνον|Ἰησοῦς μόνος⎤” “…Jesus was alone”

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Compare Baptism to Transfiguration

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Mt 17:14-18; Mk 9:14-27; Lk 9:37-42 - Healing the Epileptic Child

As they approached the crowd, (a man said) “⸂lord¦teacher⸃, (look at) my son for he has a spirit and is thrown down.” “I brought him to your disciples, but they couldn’t (heal him).” Jesus replied, saying: “Oh unbelieving generation! How long will I be with you? How long will I put up with you? Bring him here!” Then Jesus rebuked the demon.

Words

• “⸂ἐλθόντων¦ἐλθόντες¦κατελθόντων⸃” “they came”
• “⸂ὄχλον¦ὄχλος⸃” “crowd” (the texts seem to be saying that Jesus, Peter, James, and John were coming down from the mountain and approaching the crowd)
• “⸂Διδάσκαλε¦Κύριε⸃” “⸂lord¦teacher⸃”
• “… τὸν υἱόν μου …” “… my son …”
• “⎡σεληνιάζεται καὶ κακῶς πάσχει|ἔχοντα πνεῦμα ἄλαλον|πνεῦμα λαμβάνει αὐτόν⎤” “⎡he is a lunatic and suffers badly|he has a dumb spirit|a spirit seized him⎤”
• The texts describe some symptoms, using different words
• “καὶ ⸂εἶπα¦προσήνεγκα¦ἐδεήθην⸃ ⸂τοῖς¦τῶν⸃ ⸂μαθηταῖς¦μαθητῶν⸃ σου” “I ⎡brought (him) to|begged|asked⎤ your disciples”
• “καὶ οὐκ ⸂ἠδυνήθησαν¦ἴσχυσαν⸃” “and they were not able”
• “ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀποκριθεὶς ⸂εἶπεν¦λέγει⸃” “Jesus, answering, said”
• “Ὦ γενεὰ ἄπιστος” “oh unbelieving generation”
• “ἕως πότε ⸂ἔσομαι ¦μεθ᾽⸃ ⸂ὑμῶν ¦πρὸς⸃ ⸂ὑμᾶς¦;”⸃ “How long am I to be with you?”
• “⎡ἕως πότε|καὶ⎤ ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν;” “How ⸂long¦and⸃ will I put up with you?” (from “ανεχεσθαι” “to endure”, used only in this passage of the gospels, but appears in the epistles)
• “⸂προσάγαγε¦φέρετέ¦φέρετε⸃ ⎡αὐτὸν|τὸν υἱόν⎤ ⎡πρός με|ὧδε⎤” “bring him here”
• “ἐπετίμησεν ⎡αὐτῷ|τῷ πνεύματι⎤” “Jesus rebuked ⎡the spirit|it⎤”
• The boy was healed (texts differ)

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Mt 17:22-23; Mk 9:31-32; Lk 9:44-45; Lk 24:6-8 - Second Prediction of Death

(Jesus told them:) “The Son of the Person (Human) will be delivered over to hands of persons.”

Or:

“The Son of the Human will be delivered over to hands of humans.”

Words

• “ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου” “the Son of the Person”
• “⸂παραδίδοσθαι¦παραδίδοται⸃” be delivered
• “εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων” “to human hands”.

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Mt 18:1-5; Mt 10:40: Mk 9:33-37: Lk 9:46-48; Jn 13:20 - Jesus and Little Children